MIL-STD-130 is the Department of Defense's standard that any tangible item must be provided with Unique Identification (UID). The UID symbol can be a number, a sequence of bits or a character string as is physically marked on the item. Technologies utilized for marking of the UID can include name plates and labels.

The UID system was developed by the DOD as a means of identifying tangible assets and distinguishing them from other similar and dissimilar assets. The UID consists of a encoded bar code that is assigned to one singular item. These unique codes are never reused, and once a tangible asset has been assigned a UID, it never changes, even if the asset is re-engineered or modified. In some instances, a UID may also be placed on a lot or batch of similar tangible assets contained together. In this instance, the entire container of items is treated as a single unit. Once the items are separated from the container, the UID is no longer of use and the individual items are not given their own UID.

To meet the MIL-STD-130 standard, the UID is physically marked on the asset by using a two-dimensional data matrix symbol, with IS0-5434 formatting. The data is formatted per the specified standards and is known as the item's Unique Item Identifier (UII). The bar code symbol is a representation of the UII, that can be machine-read. This encoding is then identified using text element, data, or application identifiers. Normal industry practices determine which identifier is used for each type of assets, as determined by the organization assigning the UID.

There are a variety of technologies that are used for the marking of the UID bar code. Durable polyester labels and identification plates are twp of the more common applications used for UID marking. In addition, direct printing onto the asset using ink jet, dot peen, chemical etch, or laser etch are also used. No matter how the UID is applied to the tangible asset, the MIL-STD-130 standard has strict marking and printing specifications that must be met, in order to be compliant.

The MIL-STD-130 standard, and the UID compliance requirement, is a complicated manner. In order to ensure compliance, turn to the experts at ID-Integration for more information.

Inventory and inventory tracking are a serious matter to any business, and the Department of Defense (DoD) is no different. The MIL-STD-130N is, essentially, a set of DoD standards that determine requirements and methods used for marking, identification and tracking of military property. Each item being tracked must carry a Unique Identification or UID. These standards apply to any property that is produced, issued or stored by or for the Department of Defense.

All items must carry some form of UID, whether it is an applied mark or an existing UID such as an electronic serial number or Vehicle Identification Number on a car. Whenever possible, Machine Readable Identification (MRI) or “barcodes” are the preferred form of UID. Regardless of the method used, numerous specifications cover the specifics of the type of UID, placement and information contained. Some of these standard specified criteria are:

• The type of material that the UID mark is applied to
• The method used to secure the UID marking to the item
• The location of the UID mark
• The visibility of the UID mark
• Permanency of the UID mark throughout the life expectancy of the item
• Ability of the UID mark to withstand environmental conditions
• The ability of the UID mark to withstand maintenance

The regulations regarding UID markings are also extremely specific. For instance the text size for a human readable marking must be 0.2 centimeters or 0.08 inches. All of the letters of the text must be in a sans-serif font and numbers should be in Arabic. The exception to this rule is the usage of Roman numerals, in which case you must turn to other documentation to determine what type of font to use. Text markings are also limited to 50 characters and should use the Data Matrix EEC 200 symbol using ISO/IEC 15418 semantics and ISO/IEC 15434 syntax, unless they are subject to DFARS mandated markings.

To cover all of the standards and regulations here would be an exhaustive process for both reader and writer. Suffice it to say that for the uninitiated, digging through the specifications of the MIL-STD-130N and its attached documentation to determine the correct marking for a product is a nightmare.

This is where ID-Integration steps in to save the day. Fortunately for us, the experts there live and breathe the MIL-STD-130N each day. Let them handle the tedious task of digging through the MIL-STD-130N to determine the nomenclature used, how tall it should be, whether it should be on metal or plastic and whether or not it should be a tag, label, band or plate. They’ll do what they do well and give you the opportunity to get on with doing what you do well.

How would you keep track of your possessions if they were spread across the Earth? The US Department of Defense (DoD) deals with this problem every day, and thus developed a set of standards for tracking their massive inventory. MIL-STD-130N, released on December 17, 2007, takes advantage of recent advances in barcode technology to ensure that their entire inventory uses Item Unique Identification (IUID).

IUID allows for better inventory control because each individual product is accounted for. Even individual parts used to assemble a finished product are accounted for during manufacturing, greatly minimizing the risk of loss. Though many products need tagging to fulfill IUID requirements, several industries already utilize IUID concepts. For example, every automobile has a Vehicle Identification Number (VIN), and thus a unique identifier, already. Products ranging from cellphones to firearms come with the idea of IUID built right into their serial numbers.

However, several products lack such careful cataloging. These require tagging with a method that will remain durable throughout the life-cycle of the item. Metal or stiff plastic plates take precedence over flimsier label materials. Stamping or etching the tag directly onto the item offers an even more durable solution. Some items, such as ball bearings, elude any of these methods. In these cases, it's acceptable to tag the item's packaging with the IUID instead. In the past, humans would need to read this tag, but these days computers have taken over much of the information processing responsibility.

Machine Readable Information (MRI) used to be encoded in linear barcodes, like the kind found on everyday consumer goods. Though still acceptable under MIL-STD-130N, linear barcodes have fallen into disuse in favor of two-dimensional barcodes. 1s and 0s are represented by black and white squares, which are then arranged into a larger square. This method offers numerous advantages, chiefly that large amounts of data can be packed into an incredibly small space. Currently, up to 50 characters will fit in the space of 3 square millimeters. This comes in handy since an item's tag grows with its history.

In addition to its IUID, each item's tag tells its story, identifying who has designed, manufactured, and repaired the item throughout its lifetime. Even items not requiring an IUID require this tracking information. In a way, these life stories become an IUID in and of themselves as items journey down their own unique paths. Still, giving each item an IUID right as it rolls off the line, like giving each baby born in the US a social security number, allows for easy cataloging before such life stories develop.

IUID concerns are far more complicated than the brief summary given here. For more information visit ID-Integration at https://www.id-integration.com

The December update of MIL-STD-130 outlines the essentials of marking military property. While there are many technical aspects of this standard, it is important to first understand the basics of this important mandate. There are a few key aspects of the standard, and understanding the basics is essential to complying with the standard. These simple questions and answers below will give you a comprehensive introduction to using unique identification, or UID labels, for military use.

Who needs to be able to read these UID labels?
Either machines or humans need to be able to read the UID label. The easiest way to determine which should be used is the lifespan of the item. If a machine readable information, or MRI, label can be used that will last as long as the item it labels, then an MRI should be used. If not, a durable marking of lasting material should be used.

What should be on these UID labels, and where should they be located?
Ideally, all of the required information should be listed on a UID label, but there are a few essential pieces of information that must be on each label. First, the label requires an Enterprise Identifier, or a code that identifies the organization of the manufacturer or supplier. Second, the part must be identifiable through a Part or Identification code, or PIN.

For MRI, more information can be encoded in smaller space, so more information is required for these kinds of labels. In addition to the above requirements, an MRI should contain information about an item's history like UID label changes. Consult the standard to be sure the MRI is complete.

The label should be easy to read in normal operation, but should also be in a location that is not subject to wear during the life of the item. If absolutely necessary, a UID label can be put on the packaging of an item.

What should these UID labels look like?
For labels readable by humans, there are specific guidelines to maintain a standard of readability. First, the text of the UID labels must be at least 0.2 cm/ 0.08 in/ 5.76 points. This text should be in a simple sans-serif font, or font with no terminators (for example, there should be no lines at the base of a capital letter A), and numbers should be Arabic.

For MRI labels, MIL-STD-130 references specific standards for linear bar codes and data matrix labels. The International Organization for Standardization and International Electrotechnical Commission reference these two formats in ISO/IEC 15416 and 15415, respectively. Consult these two standards to be sure the MRI meets the appropriate description.

As you can see, MIL-STD-130 is both simple and complicated. There are basics that are essential for any UID label, but there are also important details to ensure compliance with this standard. The experts at ID-Integration have proven experience in UID labels and can answer any questions you have about MIL-STD-130. Be sure to understand these basics and consult the experts at ID-Integration.

The US Department of Defense (DoD) has attempted to increase its data quality, accuracy and visibility with the Unique Identifier (UID) registry. On July 29, 2003, Acting Under Secretary of Defense Michael Wynne stated that the goal of the UID system was to assist in DoD item tracking and asset management. The UID registry is the database storage area for all tangible items that make up the barcode identification system for military property.

The UID registry is the storage repository for military property with barcode markings. This system enables the DoD to track, update and record important information related to the these items. If a product recall were to occur, the UID registry could be used for replacement of defective equipment.

Just like many large organizations, the DoD runs numerous software and hardware platforms. The UID registry is a central clearing house to ensure standardization of data across all computing systems. The Defense Logistics Information Service (DLIS) maintains the UID registry.

Barcode markings permit the DoD to track equipment, so they will always know its whereabouts. Updates can be made to database records; administrators can perform useful queries and searches based on the data components of the UID: type, contract and Issuing Agency Code (IAC). Other data components, like the unit acquisition cost, can be used in accounting documents for DoD financial management.

UID Registry Purpose

The UID registry permits consolidation of equipment data for DoD purposes. This government classification system has been gradually built up over time by requiring different vendor numbers for government contractors involved in military procurement. The UID registry attempts to create one key database for storage of item information in order to streamline the government contractor registration system.

Standardization across the entire DoD government procurement system is established by the UID registry, which will lead to improved item, finance and asset management. Auditing checks can be performed more easily with this uniform system. Military property, spread across the entire world, can be made more tangible with the UID registry.

UID Registry Importance

Accountants can update financial depreciation records with the lifecycle management tool - the UID registry. In the end, the UID registry should lead to reduced costs (improved financial management), due to a better understanding and more efficient approach to long-term inventory management.

The UID registry is vital to keeping track of DoD property, allowing for modification of data to achieve information management goals. It makes equipment location more tangible for DoD personnel who can ensure better data integrity, accuracy and quality.

The UID registry is a final storage area for the DoD barcode identification system, which allows for better data verification. It increases the reliability of data on military property that is used throughout the world.

In today's global market, efficiency is a focus for saving time, effort, and resources, no matter the industry. The Department of Defense is no different, and has implemented its own guidelines to maximize efficiency with the immense amount of goods in its inventory across all of its branches and organizations. MIL-STD-130 is the regulation that establishes the standards for Unique Identification, or UID marking. These guidelines ensure a uniform approach to UID marking, making it easy for the government to track its inventory, and making it essential for suppliers to understand.

UID marking is the process of labeling items with codes that are unique to each item. According to MIL-STD-130, there are a few acceptable forms of UID marking, and understanding the basics means understanding their importance to your organization. First, a UID marking must be, of course, unique. This is possible by the specificity of the coded information contained in such a label. Each label must include three pieces of important and identifiable information: the Enterprise Identifier, or EID; a serial number; and a Part Identification Number, or PIN. The EID labels the organization of the manufacturer or supplier. The serial number is a traceable number dedicated to the item, and the PIN identifies its relationship to the whole item to which it belongs. These three pieces of information are essential for a compliant UID marking.

There are two kinds of UID marking. First and most preferable is the Machine Readable Information marking, or MRI. This is the preferred method because it is easily standardized and can contain more information encoded in the marking than is readable with the human eye. The second is a human readable marking. Both must contain the three aforementioned pieces of information, but the MRI can and must contain more information, specifically about the item's history and prior labeling. An important quality of both kinds of UID marking is durability. The UID must be able to be read for the entire lifespan of the item. For different materials, different kinds of UID are best suited, including engraving directly on the item. Another important aspect of the UID marking is accessibility, since it must be able to be viewed by machine or by the eye.

Since the specifics of the UID label may change according to the type of item labeled, it is important to fully understand the requirements of MIL-STD-130. No one knows these requirements better than ID-Integration. With a proven history of creating UID solutions, ID-Integration can customize a label for any kind of product to meet the needs of both military standard and your organization. While the basics of MIL-STD-130 are important, it is imperative that you consult an expert, and in the field of UID marking, there is no better expert than ID-Integration.

In December of 2007, the Department of Defense released an update to MIL-STD-130, the regulation governing the proper labeling of items in the military's inventory. This important set of standards ensures the efficient tracking and cataloging of every product and piece of equipment belonging to the United States government. By understanding a little background of this standard, you can ensure compliance with this important governing regulation.

First, it is important to understand that this regulation is constantly updated. Though the latest version of MIL-STD-130 was released on 17 December 2007, the previous version was released only two years earlier. This reflects the response of the Department of Defense to new technology, so understanding the emphasis and reasoning behind MIL-STD-130 is important to be prepared for its next iteration.

MIL-STD-130 is a specification of standardization already happening in the global marketplace. The regulation builds upon, and at times uses, standards and requirements from the International Organization for Standardization, or ISO, and the International Electro technical Commission, or IEC. The ISO/IEC guidelines help streamline and codify the unique labeling of all products, and MIL-STD-130 goes further to customize these standards for its own use. This reflects a realization by the DoD that rigorous standards are necessary now to ensure organization of millions of items in the future. MIL-STD-130 represents the continuing effort to incorporate this thinking into its procurement process.

Though MIL-STD-130 is demanding, it is also accommodating. The most recent update, called MIL-STD-130N, allows for several technologies to be employed in the process of marking items with a Unique Identification code, or UID. The first is a more traditional UID nameplate that meets specific criteria in text and location in order to organize items in the inventory. The second kind of UID marking is Machine Readable Identification, or MRI. There are two major kinds of MRI: barcode and data matrix. Barcodes are familiar to most consumers today, as they are present on just about all kinds of goods. Data matrix labels are used most recognizably by shipping companies, and these matrices hold a multitude of information as well. They use a square field of smaller black and white squares to code information.

For suppliers, understanding the technology and the code of the UID labels is essential to compliance. First, suppliers must allow for space for the various kinds of UID markings, since readability is a requirement of MIL-STD-130. Additionally, the Part Identification Number, or PIN, of a product must be considered to allow easy integration into the standards of MIL-STD-130.

Understanding MIL-STD-130 requires familiarity and experience with its implementation. ID-Integration is a leader in this field, having created various kinds of UID labels for use in DoD applications. The basics are important to understand, but the specifics of MIL-STD-130 are essential, and no one knows them better than ID-Integration.

MIL-STD-130 is a military standard that governs the markings of military property. This standard ensures uniform labeling of all items in use by the military. A guaranteed way to comply with this standard is the addition of Unique Identification codes, or UID in the form of UID nameplates.

UID nameplates offer durability and security, two hallmarks of MIL-STD-130. First, their durability is possible through the use of steel; brass, copper, or alloy plates that will not rust or wear down, guaranteeing the life of the UID for the life of the item that is labeled with a UID nameplate. This is important because the standard has very specific requirements for a UID on an item. To comply with the standard, the UID must outlive the item it identifies. Any item that is labeled with a metal or alloy UID nameplate is sure to be outlived by this durable tag, and this longevity guarantees both meeting the requirements of MIL-STD-130 and ensuring a long term solution for labeling any piece of equipment, machinery, or product. Additionally, the standard requires that the UID must be visible during the course of normal operation. A UID nameplate meets this demand for two important reasons. First, UID nameplates can be customized to any size necessary, ranging from plates able to fit small parts and products, to placards that identify machinery and heavy duty equipment. Second, the durable plates can withstand more than other means of labeling that might be subject to weather and wear. UID nameplates can withstand both, and ensure visibility by being able to be affixed to a wide range of surfaces.

UID nameplates are also extremely secure. They are a single piece of machined metal or alloy, and do not allow for alteration or tampering. This is also important for MIL-STD-130, because the standard places strict requirements on the appearance of UID nameplates. First, a nameplate must be in a standard, non-serif font. This means the font should have no terminators or lines on the ends of letters (for example, there should be no perpendicular line on the bottom of the letter P). This is an easy requirement to meet for UID nameplates, which are extremely customizable. Second, the text must be at least 0.2 centimeters large, or 0.08 inches. The aforementioned flexibility in size and shape of UID nameplates means this is easily achieved for any item.

The durability and security of UID nameplates make them an ideal solution to comply with MIL-STD-130. No one knows this solution better than the experts at ID-Integration. Their experience with both MIL-STD-130 and UID nameplates means guaranteed compliance with this sometimes-complex regulation. Consult ID-Integration for your UID nameplate solutions to make sure you meet all the requirements of this military standard.

The Department of Defense releases many standards of operation to streamline and make uniform its operations. While many of these are pertinent to very specific organizations and operations within the DoD, one of the most wide-reaching and generally applicable standards is MIL-STD-130N. This updated standard is the regulation by which manufacturers and suppliers of and to the United States military must regulate their identification markings on products. Since MIL-STD-130N has such far-reaching implications, it is important to understand this crucial regulation.

MIL-STD-130N is the latest update to a regulation for identification of products. In 2007, MIL-STD-130N was released as an update to the previous standards. The previous iterations of these regulations were not nearly as exhaustive, and with the release of MIL-STD-130M the DoD sought to comprehensively address labeling procedure for the products in its inventory. MIL-STD-130N builds on and expands the standards and is now in a form that addresses several kinds of identification technology. It also references international standards set forth by the International Organization for Standardization and the International Electro technical Commission, or ISO/IEC. The updated standards are a response to both the changing technologies and products involved in identification and the growing task of uniformly identifying and tracking widely diverse products in the massive inventory of the US Military. MIL-STD-130N was issued only two years after its previous iteration, so staying informed of the intricacies of this important standard are crucial to suppliers and manufacturers.

MIL-STD-130N demands that Unique Identification, or UID, marks fit into two categories. The first is MRI, or Machine Readable Information. MRI are forms that are familiar to the average civilian and military employee alike. The first kind of MRI is bar code, which have been in use for decades to consumers on all kinds of goods. The second kind of MRI is a matrix code, which are also common to the civilian market, but may not be as recognizable. The matrix code involves a small square of black and white pixels. These codes are actually quite common on shipping labels of major carriers. These codes are a uniform response to technology of tracking inventory, and make it easy to uniquely identify millions of parts and products.

MIL-STD-130N also allows for HRI, or Human Readable Identification. The HRI addressed in MIL-STD-130N are simply uniformly formatted codes of letters and numbers. They are addressed in the standard as an option because HRI are still effective as long as they are codified.

MIL-STD-130N further regulates the kinds of information that must be contained in MRI or HRI. This includes very specific kinds of information about product description and history. Therefore, it is essential to understand the intricacies of MIL-STD-130N, and no one understands them better than the experts at ID-Integration. With a proven history in UID labeling, let ID-Integration help you fully understand MIL-STD-130N.

In order to keep track of the wide variety of equipment produced, issued, and possessed by the military, the Department of Defense adheres to an identification standard known as MIL-STD-130N. One of the most important functions of this standard is the notation of requirements for proper IUID marking (Item Unique Identification), which grants every single item its own identity and history. Even items that are identical in production will have a unique number, setting them apart as specific and separate entities. This assigned identification will never be changed, and a suitable IUID marking ensures that this identity remains with the item.

One important set of requirements within the MIL-STD-130N details the appropriate location for applying an IUID marking to a piece of military equipment. First of all, the label must be easily visible and accessible during the item’s normal usage, and should remain so for the entire lifespan of the item. The IUID marking should be placed on a sturdy metal or plastic piece which can be attached to the item or even directly on the item itself when appropriate. This mark must also be sustainable throughout any repairs or cleaning the item might regularly go through. If there is no available space for such an IUID marking to be positioned, one may be placed on the actual packaging of the item.

While some instances allow for a text-based marking which would be readable by a human, the preferred form of IUID marking is the MRI (Machine Readable Information). A standard known as MH10.8.7 is followed when making MRI marks unless a partner association (such as NASA) follows its own marking protocol which is supported by the Department of Defense.

MIL-STD-130N also specifies the particular information which an MRI provides. An IUID marking must contain an EID (Enterprise Identifier) of the issuing organization or activity, a unique serial number, and the PIN (Part or Identifying Number) or batch number of the item.

In order to ensure the proficiency of the MRI system, the Department of Defense additionally denotes certain requirements towards the quality of an IUID marking. The MIL-STD-130N references specific protocols for inspecting the quality of an MRI mark both as a linear bar code and as a data matrix symbol.

Considering both the quantity and nature of the equipment used by the Department of Defense, the necessity of proper identification and tracking of these items is paramount. For this reason, such explicit standards as the MIL-STD-130N are required for the placement, information, and quality of any IUID markings within this system. However, this explanation has only touched the surface of what is clearly a complicated subject, and those seeking further information should turn to the experts at ID-Integration.

Direct part marking is growing popular in many industries for its remarkable benefits.

Direct part marking involves marking the item or the part directly on its surface. Unlike the use of UID labels where the nameplates, tags or the labels with the UID codes are affixed or attached to the items, the direct part marking is a method of UID marking that uses different techniques to mark the item or the parts. Mostly preferred by NASA to mark parts of spacecraft, the direct part marking methods are often used in civil industry. Of late, this method is being used in a wide variety of logistics and processing companies to mark the parts and the items. The growing popularity of DPM is due to its numerous advantages and lower implementation cost.

Use and Implementation Results of Direct Part Marking

Generally, the direct part marking is used to mark the subassemblies and components within the automotive, aircraft, armament, electronic, pharmaceutical, petrochemical and medical industry and many other fields. The DPM marking method enhances efficient production management and goods traffic in conjunction with enhanced documentation of these processes. Along with goods traffic the marking method ensures reliable quality and efficiency of marking, better production and dispatch of goods. Apart from simplifying closed monitoring of the marked object starting from their production to withdrawal, direct part marking allows data integration and exchange between seller, manufacturer and career.

Benefits of Direct Part Marking

Direct part marking is popular due to the benefits that it offers. In fact, it provides all benefits of automatic identification technology starting from supporting efficient resource management to eliminating human error and accessing current information on assets. The new techniques of direct part marking is more durable in comparison to traditional labels for the technique allows to encode more information in a small area and the markings can withstand harsh external conditions. There are several other benefits of DPM

• Durability of the UID marking is the most prominent benefit of DPM. The new

technologies of DPM help to produce durable codes that can’t be removed, erased and faked.

• It allows a large quantity of data to get encoded on a smaller area- upto 3600 characters can be encoded.

• The two dimensional barcode marked on the items through direct part marking can be read at any angle.

• It is possible to use the DPM marking technology on various materials such as metals, plastic and glass.

• It has the ability to eliminate human and machine errors. The 2D data matrix barcode is 20% read correctly even if it is broken.

• The durable marking of the items ensures that the all information about the objects can be accessed easily by cracking the codes of the marking. It also helps tracking the items starting from its manufacture and acquisition to maintenance and repairing.

• The methods generally have low operation cost; at least the operation is cheaper than traditional methods of using labels.

• DPM can be used for marking even item of small size such as electronic subassembly. The data matrix barcode marking doesn’t affects it’s functionally.

• DPM improves work efficiency as the object identification and marking is completely automated.

• It is a faster implementation marking technology.

Submission to the UID Registry is an important process for the vendors while shipping or delivering the items and the shipment to the DoD.

The contractors or vendors, who ship items to the DoD, are required to include the UID data of the shipment along with the items. The UID data of the items are submitted to the UID Registry by the suppliers or the vendors. According to the UID guidelines and standards, certain data elements about the shipment are mandatory to get uploaded to the data base of the UID Registry. Actually, the UID Registry is a depository of information about the UID data of the DoD items. As the UID programs for the DoD items have been introduced to keep track of the items and enhance the item management program of the DoD, the UID data stored in UID Registry becomes the source of accessing information. Hence, it is essential for the contractors to be careful about the data that they submit for verification.

The Vendor Information Required for Submission to UID Registry

UID Registry contain all required info about the DoD items that are useful to keep record of the item beginning from the production or procurement of the items to their withdrawal. Hence, the vendors need to submit correct data of each shipment that contains items with UII. The required data are Vendor Name, Gov’t. Contract Number, Gov’t. Delivery Order (D.O.) Number, GDLS Purchase Order (P.O.) Number, Shipment Number, Ship Date, Carrier and Tracking Number, Ship-to Address, Ship-to Address DoDAAC. The data required for each UII qualified item in the shipment are GDLS Purchase Order Line Item Number, EIN Issuing Agency Code, Enterprise Identification Number, Original Part Number, Current Part Number, Serial Number, UII Number, UII Type, Parent UII Number, P.O. Unit Price, and attached validation report.

In case the part number of a UID Registered item changes, the data elements that are included along with the UID information are original part number, current part number and effective date of the current part number. The information should be submitted by the vendors to the UID Registry.

The Required Format for Submission to UID Registry

There is a UID Registry maintenance team that receives the UID data from the vendors and requires that data should be entered in a particular format. This format is meant to maintain equilibrium between the documents submitted by various contractors. The vendors are required to follow the particular data while submitting the details. The formats of the data are modified according to the products and the details that are going to be submitted by the vendor. The general format for the document is XML format.

In case the contractors don’t have their document in the required format, they need to change their documents to XML format before being submitted to UID Registry. The external files of the property management database are adjusted and rewritten according to the UID requirements and the UID Registry schema.

The Government has right to inspect the UID data for the quality verification. The vendors are required to produce IUID quality verification reports at the time of material shipment. However, before submitting the UID data to the UID Registry the vendor must register themselves with the UID Registry to obtain access right and login credentials to the UID Registry.

UID marking of the items requires specific encoding and decoding technology for its enhanced application and improved UID efficiency.

The unique identifications or UIDs of the items are the globally unique recognitions for the item that distinguishes them from the other items and help the possessor keep track of them. In fact, the unique identification marking is a vital part of any business organization as well as the US Department of Defense. The UID is marked on the item in the form of 2D data matrix barcode symbol which is etched on part on a square grid. The marking is either directly engraved on the item or affixed to the part as UID labels or nameplates. However, it is essential that the marking should be permanent for the lifetime of the item.

For the UID to be considered as DoD equivalent, there are certain important criteria for the commercial identifiers

The UID must contain an enterprise identifier

It must uniquely identify an individual item along with product and part number and enterprise identifier.

It should have AI and DI listed in data identifier and application identifier standard and American National Standard.

The Methods of UID Construction

The MIL-STD-130 has stated two recognized methods of UID construction for the items. The contractors or suppliers will have to select the most appropriate method considering the application.

Construct # 1, with serialization within the enterprise identifier,

Construct # 2, with serialization within the lot number or batch number and original part number, lot number or batch number

The application of construction method is decided depending on the manufacturing process.

With construction #1 the UID is created with the help of unique serial number which is added to the item following the enterprise identification which may be a DUNS, CAGE/NCAGE, or EAN.UCC number. The concatenated UID of the items will get a proper Issuing Identity Code if the appropriate data qualifier is applied before the enterprise identification. However, it doesn’t need the data matrix marking with IAC.

The construction #2 of the UID is also developed with enterprise identification. However, for a complete UID, it requires some of the other data such as original part number, lot number, or batch number, and the serial number along with it.

The existing part number is an additional data element of the item, but not a part of the UID.

The Methods of Identifying the UID Marking

The data elements of the UID are engraved on the part or the UID label in the form of 2D data matrix barcode and they decoded with the help of barcode scanner or automated reader. As the UID is derived from its data elements, the barcode scanners identify each data element while decoding the UID. The data elements are introduced to the scanner along with their prefixes at the time of reading the data matrix code. In the commercial use the data qualifiers prefixes are used in the form of alphanumeric Data Identifiers; (DI), numeric Application Identifiers (AI), or alpha; or Text Element Identifiers (TEI).

The human readable 2D data matrix code is encoded and decoded using Automated Identification Technology (AIT). The technology has significantly enhanced the barcode efficiency.

Direct part marking is growing popular in various business sectors for its various uses in marking the items. With this method, the barcode is directly imprinted on the products, subassemblies and materials. Although, DPM is primarily used by the civil industries, of late, the process is being used by varieties of companies. The increasing popularity of direct part marking is due to its numerous advantages, reduced implementation cost as compared to its previous generation, and availability on universal scanning.

Use of Direct Part Marking

Direct part marking is used in many fields such as aircraft, automotive, electronic, armament, pharmaceutical and medical industry, petrochemical, train transport, etc. The logistics and manufacturing enterprises also prefer the item marking technology to support item management and shipment traffic control. The outcome of implementing direct part marking includes more efficient product management and documentation along with goods traffic. The technology also allows enhanced manufacture and dispatch of the items. It is an efficient method of the objects starting from their production or acquisition to maintenance and withdrawal.

Benefits of Direct Part Marking

Durability

Convenience of reading 2D barcode

Convenience of keeping large quantity of data in small area

Suitable for using on different material such as glass, metals and plastics

Eliminating machine and human errors

Easy object identification

With fully automated marking it improves work efficiency

Reduced operating cost

Available option for product serialization

Quick implementation of technology

Method of Direct Part Marking

The direct part marking methods include grooving, engraving, burning, etching and painting. The method is selected according to the implementation cost, material for marking and reading technology.

Submission of UID data to the UID Registry is crucial for the DoD contractors and hence, it is vital for them to learn various aspects of submission process.

The DoD requires that the contractors must submit the UII details of the items to UID Registry, the storehouse of UID data of the items. Any item that are eligible for UID marking – legacy item currently owned by the DoD, newly procured items and Government furnished property – must be submitted to the UID Registry. The DoD requires that the marking format, required data element and the marking methodology should be according to the MIL-STD-130 standard. Any deviation from the mentioned criteria may lead to rejection of the document. Hence, the suppliers must give proper attention to the accuracy of the data and other marking details of the items.

Who Should Submit the UID Data to the UID Registry

According to DFARS 252.211-7003 and DFARS 252.211-7007, it is the responsibility of the prime contractors to submit the UII and other DoD recognized data for unique identification to the UID Registry. For the new procurements the UII data for the items are submitted to the UID Registry under a DoD Contract. The DoD also allows voluntary submission of UID data for the Government furnished equipments. The item managers are responsible for the operational use and application of UID to the legacy items and hence, they are also required to submit the UID data of the items to the UID Registry.

When Should the UID Data be Submitted to UID Registry

For the new procurements the IUID data for the items must be submitted while creating the receiving report and electronic material inspection. Generally, it is created through Wide Area Work Flow. WAWF stores the UID data of the items and forwards the data to the UID Registry. The UID data of the Government furnished equipments must be submitted to the UID Registry before 30 September of the applicable contract year. The DoD aims at submitting the data about UID registration and marking of the legacy items before December 31, 2010.

Submission to UID Registry via WAWF

WAWF allows electronic submission of the invoices, material inspection and receiving reports. It provides a platform for the authorized DoD personnel and Government contractors to capture generate and process receipt and other payment related documents with the help of web-based interactive application.

The Required Data for Submission to UID Registry

The UID Registry is the repository of UID data where all the information is captured and accessed when necessary. The submission of UID data of the items or parts to the UID Registry requires several essential data such as UID Type (Construct 1 or 2), Entity Identifier (such as CAGE) of company assigning the UID, IAC (Issuing Agency Code) which controls the Entity ID, Part Number (Construct 2 only), Serial Number, Fully constructed UID, the item number (CLIN), shipment numbers, product identifier (NSN/PN) and unit cost. These data elements are crucial part of the UID marking and play key role in item tracking process of the DoD. The UID Registry also requires accuracy of the data elements and the contractors must pay attention to enter accurate data.

Of late, the UID Registry has started providing information through its website for the convenience of the contractors and Government personnel.

There are various direct part marking methods, but the appropriate method for marking a part is selected by considering certain factors.

Direct part marking is an important method of marking parts. The UID data of the item is directly etched on the surface of the item for permanent UID marking of the item. Generally, the industries like automotive, aerospace and electronic manufacturers opt for direct part marking system of their items for reliable marking solution. Assuring warranty, safety and satisfying regulatory solution for their requirements, the direct part marking enhances the item tracking and management of various Government and personal assets.

Different types of direct part marking methods are Electro-chemical etching, Dot peen, forge or mold, Cast, adhesive dispensing, Abrasive blasting, Stencil, Lique metal jet, Laser Shot peeing, Laser marking, Engraving/milling, Embroidery. However, these methods are selected carefully for each of the marking requirement.

Selection of Direct Part Marking Methods

There are various methods of direct part markings. But, all the methods are not applicable to all kinds of parts or items. In fact, the contractors need to select the appropriate method for marking the parts depending on various factors.

Functional Aspects of the Part

If the parts are used for safety critical applications such as in air-craft engines or high-stress systems, the contractors should prefer to use non-intrusive marking methods.

Shape of the Item or the Parts

The geometry of the part is responsible to decide the method of direct part marking of the item. For instance, if the surface of the part is curved it is difficult to enter the UID data making it inconvenient for direct part marking. A flat surface is always suitable for the method.

Texture of the Item Surface

It is easy to etch the 2D data matrix code on a rough surface through direct part marking where as difficult for a highly polished surface. In case it becomes essential to mark the part with DPM, the glare of the surface is reduced before the method is applied.

Size of the Part/Item

The application of the UID and 2D data matrix code are not dependent on the size of the items. In fact it is the size of the codes that are determined by the size of the items. In case the part is too small the size of the codes are adjusted accordingly and the methods also selected accordingly that can produce the required result.

Operating Environment of the Item and their Life Span

As it is important to have permanent marking solution with the direct part marking, the marking methods are determined according to the working environment. For instance, if the part is more exposed to heat, the efficiency and durability of the marking should be selected accordingly. Also, the functional life-span of the items differs for different items, which influences the selection of marking method for the items.

Width of Items

Thickness of the items are one of major matters of consideration while direct part marking. Otherwise, there are chances of deformation of the parts affecting their functionality. With most of the marking methods, the marking depth doesn’t exceed 1/10 of thickness of the item.

The Department of Defense introduced the UID marking of the items keeping in mind its advantages for the item tracking process.

The U.S. Department of Defense started the IUID program to mark the DoD items with unique identification (UID). The implantation and the marking of UID to the DoD recognized items principally aim at keeping track of the items and helping the strategic item management process. The item that come under the scope of UID marking program include item in operational use, in inventory or undergoing depot maintenance along with new solicitations, items procured under ongoing contracts, and the Government-furnished property in the possession of contractors.

UID is a globally unique permanent identification of an item under the Department of Defense that distinguishes individual item from all other item. The UID of an item is a machine-readable 2D data matrix code etched to the item or the label that is affixed to the item. It is a set of globally unique essential data that helps tracking and better management of items.

The UID marking procedure has been proved beneficial for the DoD in several ways.

• Asset visibility and asset traceability are the major parts of asset management and UID marking system provides the best management practice for the business organizations in this regard.
• UID of the items are an aid to DoD’s financial operation for the operations are done with the item identification number. It also helps in advanced audit option for the plant, property, equipment and operating material management.
• The data available for the strategic purchasing of the items, their repairing and maintenance is more accurate with UID of that particular item.It also provides an extensive approach strategic maintenance of item reports.
• The better visibility of the items and the better tracking ability through the UID has helped a long-term and improved inventory management system for the DoD.
• The organizations that aim at mission oriented activities will achieve enhanced planning and execution of item with the help of total asset visibility.
• As the UID of the items has enhanced the efficiency of management with asset visibility and improved data availability, it has also reduce the frustration of the DoD regarding keeping record of data starting from acquisition to repairing and management.
• The consistent use of lifecycle asset information with the help of UID has significantly reduced the item management cost for all the departments of DoD.
• During the peace as well as the war time, the DoD allows total item visibility.

The MIL-STD-130 is the standard that determines the UID marking methods of the items. There are a required set of UID data that is essential to be marked on the item to get accepted by the UID Registry. The DoD also requires that the alpha-numeric human-readable information should also be introduced to the UID marking of the item along with the machine readable 2D data matrix code. As the UID of the items provide extended marking solution for asset management system, they are growing popular among various business organizations across the world. The permanent marking of the UID has added to the advantage of the UID marking system.

The requirements of UID Registry for the UID compliance of data are the must-know for the contractors while submitting the data to UID Registry.

According to the Department of Defense the data of the UID marking for the items should be submitted to the UID Registry. UID Registry is repository of UID data that can be accessed by the DoD personnel to keep track of the items. However, it is also crucial that the contractors, while submitting the data, should ensure that the data comply with the UID standards. The correct and complete data of the item UID plays a key role in the item management and item tracking process of the DoD.

The UID Registry standards check numerous factors of the UID data to accept or reject the data submitted by the contractors. If the markings match their requirements, they’ll accept it otherwise reject it.

Marking of Item with Unique Identification

After the DoD assigns each item with a unique identification, the UIDs of the items are etched on the items or the labels that is affixed to the item. The UID Registry is particular about the compliance of the UID data with the UID standards. Hence, it is mandatory that UID data should be entered as 2D data matrix code and be in accordance with the MIL-STD-130 criteria. Whether the barcode is entered with direct part marking or as UID labels, they play a key role while submitting the UID data to the UID Registry. Any item, be it government furnished property, DoD qualifying deliverables or property under possession of the contractors should be marked with UID before they are submitted to UID Registry.

Verification of the Marking

At the time of UID data submission to the UID Registry, the DoD feels the significance of verifying the marking of the items and the labels for their acceptability. The UID Registry standards of marking verification are based on the marking technology or procedure (direct part marking or application of UID labels) and the marking formats (Construct #1 and Construct #2) in which the 2D data matrix codes are entered.

Validation of Data

It the ISO 15434 requirements that decides the validation of UID data and marking. Starting from the accuracy of data the standard requires accurate syntax and formatting of the 2D data matrix code including the identifier, serial number and other required codes.

Scanning of the UID data

The essential business practice needs scanning of UID data before the items are taken into custody. The UID Registry also mandates the scanning of UID data provided by the contractors to check their validity.

UID Registry Submission

The MIL-STD-130 has mandated that the contractors should submit the UID data to UID Registry either directly or through the WAWF. Registering into the UID Registry is the important step for the contractors before the submission of data to UID Registry.

Item tracking and Location of the Item

All the UID qualified items are tracked to a specific location. The UID marking of the items helps to access the item information which enhances accuracy of reporting. Although the step is not an essential part of UID Registry submission process, it is an essential part of error-free item management process.

Accurate direct part marking requires careful processes of selecting the marking methods and considering all the aspects involved with it.

The automatic identification technology that is recently being used by NASA, Pharmaceutical manufacturer, auto makers, aerospace industry and also by the Department of Defense (DoD) is direct part marking (DPM) method. This technique of marking the parts and assets assures permanent marking of unique identification for effective tracing and tracking process. Equipments and machinery in the petrochemical industry, engine pistons and transmission parts, surgical instruments and high-value tools, tires, etc. are the parts that are directly marked. As parts manufacturing is going global, many companies use the DPM technique of marking to ensure authenticity.

There are certain important aspects of consideration while implementing direct part marking.

• 2D data matrix codes are the perfect solution for direct part marking that requires error-free, small size and high data encoding capacity. The size of the codes is determined considering available space to enter data, amount of data to be entered, surface roughness, etc. However, it is important to meet the industry specifications with the marking.
• It is the component design that is crucial to determine the marking process of the item. dot peening, electro-chemical etching, laser marking, and ink-jet printing are the primary methods of applying direct part marking that are machine readable 2D data matrix codes.Working environment, part life expectancy, production volume, material composition, surface texture, available space are the other factors deciding the selection of direct part marking method.
• Deciding the location of the code is crucial for it affects the readability of data. The marking should be placed on the item that is clearly and prominently visible to the readers. Flat surface is the best choice for direct part marking. Reliable code reading involves etching the codes with perfect shape and size, and consistent individual module.
• Verification of the marking procedure is important to detect any error in the marking. It is essential to find out if the error is due to damage to the machine or wrong settings during part exchange, or poor part fixturing. A code verification system is also important for feedback in the marking process.
• There are specific types of decoder for direct part marking are fixed-mount readers, presentation readers, and hand-held readers. These readers differ in their functionality and application. Selection of the code is crucial and it is better to select one that will help consistent code reading and tolerate a wide range of code deformations.
• Network connectivity of the direct part mark reader enables the reader to transfer the output to the reading to the connected PC.

The direct part marking methods are increasingly becoming a commercial practice among many industrial sectors across the world. The 2D barcodes provides convenient and accurate method of data usage and storage for better management. The 2D barcodes used for the DPM enables storing data more efficiently in 2 directions the quality of the code is specified by the component definitions. In brief, direct part marking is a process that enhances item tracking process and aids to the management process of the items in a cost-effective way to produce quality.

Submission of UID data to the UID Registry is an important process of DoD which requires careful attention to different aspects.

The US Department of Defense introduced the system of submitting the UID data of the items to UID registry during November 2004. UID registry is the storehouse of information about the DoD items and their UID data. The submission to UID registry is important as it enhances the maintenance of data and helps the DoD personnel to keep track of the items easily. In other words, the system of submitting data to the UID Registry enhances the item tracking process across the department of Defense. The records that are stored can be accessed for further use as they contain data such as acquisition or manufacture of the items, their maintenance date or process, repairing information etc. Hence, looking at the significance of the UID data in the DoD, the department has mandated that the UID data entered to the UID registry should comply with the MIL-STD-130 standard.

Submission to the UID Registry is crucial for the item management process of the DoD and it is also essential that the data are correctly entered. Part number, enterprise code, serial number of the item, issuing agency code, construct type (construct #1 or Construct #2), etc. are the basic data required for the submission so as to maintain a balance between different types of data. The UID data required on the items are machine readable 2D data matrix codes and human readable UID data. And it is required that both kind of data should be submitted to the UID Registry.

There are certain aspects of submitting data and the contractors are required to follow them so as to get accepted. Although the data should be entered in the XML format, there are other aspects to be considered.

UID Registry Schema Review

It has been stated that the data format should be converted into XML format before making their way to UID Registry. However, it is crucial that the external files of the property management database are modified according to the UID registry schema anf requirements before the files are converted to XML formats. Basing on the GFP, the versions of the schema have been continuously changing and the latest version that is being used for the UID Registry is the 3.0.

Data Format Adjustment for the Submission

The UID Registry maintenance team has prepared a data format for the submission process and the contractors are required to modify their format according to the standard. Depending on the products and details that are required to be submitted, the formats of the data are modified. If required, the formats are changed even after changing them to XML format.

UID Test Registry- The Testing Solution

Before making it to the UID Registry the UID data are submitted to the UID test Registry for verification. The UID production approves the data and sends it to the GEX certified VAN provider. GEX certified VAN provider ensures that the data are submitted to the UID registry’s FTP services.

It is important that the submitted data are approved by the UID Registry. However, the approval or rejection is mentioned through the website of UID Registry.

The IUID program of the DoD has introduced the UID marking system for the DoD items for enhanced management of the items. The UID is a globally unique identifier of the item that makes the particular item distinguished from all other items. There are some distinct criteria for the UID marking and the items or parts that qualify the requirements must be assigned with a unique identification. The contractors or the suppliers are generally responsible for marking the items with UID.

What is UID?

UID is a 2 dimensional data matrix barcode that is either engraved directly on the surface of the item or marked on UID labels or nameplates that are affixed to the item. As the UID simplifies the item management and the item tracking process of the DoD, it is required that the marking should be permanent for the life of the item. As the IUID program is a foundation to the item visibility across all the departments of DoD, improved life cycle item management, they need to be marked with correct format and correct data.

The DoD requires that the contractors must select the UID marking methods depending on the requirements and the item that are being marked. As the data elements are entered in the 2D data matrix barcode format, it also requires a barcode reader to get identified. The most important is, the contractors or suppliers need to follow the instructions stated by the DoD while marking the items to meet the DoD standard.

The MIL specs for different items differ depending on the nature of the items. The MIL-STD-129 standards are set of instructions aimed at achieving standard objectives.

MIL-STD-129 is one of the DoD MIL specification standards. This fundamental military standard is meant to maintain uniformity in the military product marking for shipment and storage. It is essential that all military equipments and ammunitions supplied to DoD through shipment should be marked according to standard and specifications mentioned in MIL-STD-129. As any MIL specs, used by DoD to achieve standardized objectives, the MIL-STD-129 is specifically designed for the shipment and storage. The standard mentions the details of marking the items beginning from designing and construction to quality control and maintenance. The MIL-STD-129 has provided separate instruction for tagging, marking and labeling.

The DoD MIL specs keep on changing in regular interval of time keeping in mind the necessary requirements. For instance, the DoD observed certain drawbacks in the marking system according to the MIL-STD-129 standard. As the container marking bears same level of significance as the item marking, the discrepancies in the standard was rectified with the upgraded version of MIL-STD-129, ie. MIL-STD-129P. The revised version of MIL-STD-129 was introduced on 16^th January 2006. Although the MIL-STD-129 standard is a rigorous practice for item marking, the contractors are required to follow the instruction regarding application of numbers, labels, tags along with use of symbols and colors.

The specifications requirements for different kinds of containers are discussed bellow.

Unit Containers

The containers are listed only after they are assigned with unique serial number by the Government or the manufacturer for identification or control. The MIL-STD-129 standard has also mandated that the serial number should be entered in a clear format. The other data required for marking the Unit Containers are National Stock Number (NSN) Barcode, NSN,CAGE, part number, quantity, item description, unit of issue, contract number, date of preservation, lot number (if used), method of preservation code. Shelf marking of the containers is required to specify the start of shelf life of the items that need to be tested or disposed of.

It is to remember that the serial numbers assigned to indicate the quantity produced should not be listed. Sometimes, the exterior containers are used as unit containers, and at that time the exterior container rules are applied for the unit container.

Intermediate container

The rules for marking the intermediate containers are the same as the unit container and the same data are applied except the serial number. When an intermediate container contains more than five serial-numbered items, the exterior container rules for the serial number are applied for the purpose.

Exterior Container

For the exterior container, the basic rules of the unit container are applied except some of the specific identification marking requirements. The MIL-STD-129 specifications, there are few exceptions in the marking procedure. For instance, it is mandatory that the Contract Number, NSN, and CAGE Code should be entered in the barcode format. The marking of exterior container doesn’t require item descriptions. The additional levels required for the marking are Military Shipment Label (MSL), Direct-Vendor Delivery (DVD) Label, Serial Number Barcode(s).

The MIL-STD-129 specifications are crucial part of DoD’s item tracking process.

Direct part marking or DPM is one of the two methods of marking the DoD items with unique identification symbols. It is the technology of applying machine readable 2D data matrix barcodes directly to the surfaces of the parts and items.

The marking process is essential for automate the information retrieval process. Basically, the technique enhances permanent unique part identification and improves quality. The Direct part marking process is also useful to reduce errors, reduce the life-cycle cost and improve readiness. Data matrix is the standard for direct part marking.

Direct part marking has the same functionality required for unique identification marking. The DoD function of documentation and databases that are essential for keeping track of the processes such as manufacturing, procurement, shipment, installation and storage are performed with the marking system. The DPM also allows identifying items during storage, handling, functional use, installation, repair, replacement and maintenance.

Application of Direct Part Marking

The DPM is applied to items considering certain conditions such as metal of the parts, thickness of the surfaces, texture of the surface, etc. First of all direct part marking is applied considering the function of the parts for safety critical operation. The shape of the part is important to consider before applying the DPM process of marking. For instance, it is difficult to etch the data elements of the UII on a curved surface. On the other hand, a flat surface makes convenient environment for such marking procedure.

The surface type ad texture of the item influences the direct part marking process. It is difficult to apply different methods of DPM on a polished surface. The environment in which the items are used and the functional life time of the items is essential to consider while directly marking an item. Metal of the item also determines the method of DPM that should be applied to an item. For instance, the chemical etching method can’t be used on all metals as it may affect the functionality of the product.

Although, the marking depth of the direct part marking should not exceed 1/10 of the thickness of the part, it is important to take proper care of the item thickness before selecting the exact direct part marking procedure.

Requirements of Direct Part Marking

The data entered through direct part marking remains readable throughout product life. As durability of marking is the prime aspect of applying item identification, permanent marking of the items can be achieved through this marking method.

As direct part marking considers several aspects, the marking methods ensures that the marking can withstand all environmental conditions that the product will be exposed to under normal operation.

Each marking methods are applied after testing the material of the items and their functional environment. Hence, direct part marking reduces the chance of any harmful effects on the functionality, reliability, or durability of the product.

Benefits of Direct Part Marking

• Reduce program costs
• Eliminate data transposition errors
• Improve data accuracy
• Provide means to verify part configuration and status prior to installation, repair, and overhaul
• Real-time computer system update
• Reduce inventory
• Track the history and quality of parts

There are different marking standards mentioned by the DoD. MIL-STD-129 is the standard mentioned to maintain the uniformity of marking of the military equipments.

The United States Department of Defense has made it essential that the items must be marked with unique identification for their ease management. The marking of the items with their UID helps the military personnel in the item tracking procedures. DoD has mandated a standard of the marking- MIL-STD-129- which has been approved by the DoD and other Government agencies. As the suppliers of the military equipments are required to maintain uniformity while marking and supplying military equipments, the MIL-STD 129 has set a standard for the suppliers. The suppliers are required to follow the instructions provided by the instructions to meet the UID standards and requirements while transporting the items.

The marking helps tracking the items when the stock goes short of balance level. However, the MIL-STD-129 requirement standard ahs categorized the container into three types such as Unit containers, Intermediate containers and Exterior containers. For all types of container, the basic formats such as national stock number (NSN), item description, and part number are mandatory. But there are certain changes in the marking of different types of containers.

Unit Containers – The Unit containers should be marked with the following data

• National Stock Number (NSN) Barcode
• CAGE, NSN, part number, item description, unit of issue, quantity, contract number, lot number (if used), date of preservation, method of preservation code, should be listed in clear and plain text.
• The unit containers are also marked with Shelf Life Markings that specify the start of shelf life along with the date an item needs to be tested or disposed of. Only the deteriorative items require Shelf life markings as specified by the contract requirement preparation for delivery Special Markings.
• The MIL-STD-129 requires that the serial numbers of each item in the container must appear in the clear and unambiguous barcode format. Serial numbers are listed only when assigned by the Government or the manufacturer for identification or control. However, the numbers are not listed when assigned by the manufacturer solely for indicating the quantity produced.

When the exterior container serves as the unit container, the exterior container rules apply.

Intermediate Containers

The intermediate containers are marked with the same data as unit containers, except the serial number. When there are more than five serial-numbered items in an intermediate container, the serial number rules for the exterior containers are applied.

Exterior Containers

The basic label format of the unit containers are used for the exterior containers as well. However, the item description is excluded from the format. The contact number, NSN, and CAGE Code must be entered in the bar code format. The marking is done by using one large label or placing two smaller labels side by side. The additional labels that the exterior containers may require are serial number barcodes, military shipment labels, direct vendor delivery label.

Following the standards of MIL-STD-129 may be a difficult task for the suppliers. However, depending on the situations, the requirements can be reduced to few basic sets of rules and labels.

There are different types of direct part marking. But the marking methods are selected depending on several factors associated with the item or the part.

The Department of Defense has allowed two types UID marking of the items- direct part marking and application of UID labels. Direct part marking involves marking the item with a globally unique identification on the item itself. It is the process of marking a part with barcode symbols to allow tracking of the part or item for their full life cycle. When it comes to permanent marking of the items, the DoD specifies that the UID marking of the item should be permanent for the functional life time of the item which may vary from several months to several years.

Basically, industries such as aerospace, automotive and electronic manufacturers prefer direct part marking for reliable identification of the parts and items. As the DoD requires physical mark of UID on the tangible assets, the DPM assures safety and warranty along with satisfying the regulatory requirements. The 2D data matrix code is the most preferred bar code type for the barcode symbols that are used for the direct part marking of the items. However, some companies prefer QR Code according to their requirement. The UID marking method enables management and tracking of the items ranging in their value and sizes.

The various marking methods of direct part marking are Abrasive blasting, adhesive dispensing, Cast, forge or mold, Dot peen, Electro-chemical etching, Embroidery, Engraving/milling, Laser marking, LaserShot peeing, Lique metal jet, Stencil. There are other marking methods such as embossing, vibro-etch and manual metal stamp, but they are not for applying machine readable micro-size symbols.

How the Direct Part Marking Methods are Selected for the Items

There are number of different factors basing on which it is decided whether direct part marking is suitable for the particular item.

Function of the Parts

For the parts that are used for safety critical applications such as high stress system, or aircraft engine, the non-intrusive marking methods are used.

Geometry of the Part or the Item

The direct part marking is difficult if the shape of the item or the part is not convenient for the marking. It is difficult to etch the data matrix code on a curved surface.

Surface type

The direct part marking is difficult when the texture of the part surface is highly polished. The marking requires reducing the glare of the surface before marking.

Size of the Part

Though size of the parts is not a very important factor for using 2D data matrix code, the sizes of the texts are adjusted according to the available space.

Life Span of the Items and their Operating Environment

While selecting the method of direct part marking, it is essential to consider the functional life span of the items and the environment in which the items are used. It is important that the marking should be permanent.

Thickness of the Surface

It is essential to consider the thickness of the surface as there are chances of deformation of the part if the intrusive marking methods are used. The marking depth in most of the methods should not exceed 1/10 of the thickness of the part.

The MIL-STD-130 N is a necessary standard for defining the requirements for item identification. The scope of the MIL-STD-130 N includes describing both criteria and the methods used.

MIL-STD-130 N is a standard which has been brought forth and recognized by the Department of Defense and all its related Departments and Agencies. Clarification regarding the implementation of Machine Readable Information (MRI) is provided by MIL-STD-130 N. MRI is done for automatic data capture and item identification marking. MRI also provides a vital device for life cycle asset management. The process involves acquiring, manufacturing, defining the logistics and then disposing off the task.

MRI Is Not Enough

The MIL-STD-130 N however does not stipulate that all item identification should be done by MRI. There are some items which can be identified by Human Readable Information (HRI). It is important to identify which items are to be marked by MRI and which by HRI. A combination of both may be the answer for some items. MIL-STD-130 N stipulates that instead of MRI, free text information item identification can also be done.

Criteria For Marking

Product designers find out ways for better item identification marking requirements. The different criteria, on the basis of which this is done is laid down in the MIL-STD-130 N. While deciding the product definition data, the product designers must be specific about the requirements for marking content, application process, location, size and also the relevant marking materials for the process preceding the delivery of an article. It is not enough for the product designers to state that the marking is to be done according to MIL-STD-130 N standards. It will be difficult to design, develop and manufacture an item based on such little information. It will also be confusing to produce and procure the replenishment spare items.

The same applies for acquiring activities. They must also apply the MIL-STD-130 N in all their contractual instruments. As with product designers, they have to also lay down the requirements for item identification marking. Only a reference to MIL-STD-130 N standard is not enough. It has to be specifically stated that item identification marking is necessary and the criteria for developing the requirements must also be outlined.

To Define Without Conflict

Certain engineering documentation terminology is used by the product designer. The definitions laid down in the MIL-STD-130 N are almost in accordance with these terminologies. But irregularities are bound to occur. There might be discrepancy between the definitions followed by the product designer and the Automatic Identification Technology disciplines. There is ample provision in the MIL-STD-130 N to sort out such conflicts. There is also scope to cite the source in case of discrepancy.

Defining the Scope

So we can conclude that the MIL-STD-130 N is basically a standard for identifying the items belonging to the military and audited by the Department of Defense. This standard defines the criteria for the necessity of item marking requirements and also the methods for identifying these items. Both criteria and data content are issues addressed by the MIL-STD-130 N relating to free text and MRI for item identification marking. But while going through the standard, the figures should not be given much relevance. They are just there for the purpose of illustrations.

The IUID program has introduced the marking of unique identification for the personal property of the government for better asset management and item tracking procedure.

The Unique identification (UID) program was launched by the Department of Defense in 2003 to simplify the item tracking process under the DoD. The UID program is associated with tracking, personal property, Government property and property under the possession of the contractors. IUID or the item unique identification program is a subset of UID and it aims at the personal property of the DoD. The prime goal of the IUID is to enhance the item management and tracking of the delivered items to the DoD by marking unique item identifier.

The IUID program ensures that the items are marked with globally unique identification. The UII, according to DoD, is “identifies an item with a set of data that is globally unique and unambiguous.” All the goods delivered to the DoD should be marked with UII by the contractors. The UII is a set of data that is encoded into 2D data matrix barcode symbols. The MIL-STD-130 has provided the instructions for the data and the manufacture of UID nameplates. The contractors are required to follow the instructions and construct the UID nameplates so that they meet the standard and the requirements.

IUID marking methodology is a business critical operation and the DoD contractors need to know it’s basic so as to get their UID marked items accepted by the UID Registry. In fact, the suppliers should understand the IUID marking program that enhances item traceability, asset visibility, and lifecycle item management and accountability. If the service provider of UII marking understands the capabilities of different marking methods, it is not too difficult or expensive to achieve IUID program compliance. The DoD only requires a permanent marking solution to the items with the help of the contractors.

2D Data Matrix Marking

While developing the IUID marking system, the most important consideration is to determine the most effective way of marking the items and applying the 2D data matrix symbols. The UII data are expressed in a 2D data matrix barcode symbols. The UID marking standard has specified the exact size and font type of the symbols and the supply should ensure that the symbols are in accordance with the standard before making it to UID Registry. Many contractors outsource the IUID marking to the subcontractors. However, it is the responsibility of the contractors to check the quality of marking.

The IUID marking program allows two important methods of marking- Direct part marking and application of UID labels.

Direct Part Marking

The direct part marking allows etching the symbols directly to the items or parts. However, the process is allowed considering the structural tolerance and composition of the item. The advantage of the marking is that it is a durable and one step process. However, the downside is if the data is entered incorrectly the item is wasted.

UID Labels

This is the ultimate IUID marking solution of the items under the DoD. They are constructed with metallic and non-metallic materials and affixed to the items with fasteners such as rivets and screws.

The advanced technology of connectivity is allowing better connection option for the 2D data matrix scanner. However, the options are selected according to the mechanism of the devices. The UII marking of items are the efficient item management process of Government and private organizations. The UID data is engraved on the item or labels in the form of 2D data matrix symbols. The symbols are machine-readable codes and need to be decoded with a 2D data matrix scanner. The 2D data matrix scanner is an electronic device meant to interpret the printed barcodes on the items. Technologically, the device is developed with decoder circuitry that analyses the image data of the barcode and sends the interpreted data to the output port of the scanner. Use of 2D data matrix scanner became widespread due to the use of 2D barcode symbols in the UII of the items. There are different methods of connection of the device depending on the usage. Earlier, the barcode scanners of all formats used RS232 serial interface. The simple and electrical means of connection use easy and simple software, it needs to be written for particular computers and their serial ports though. Proprietary interfaces are less common interfaces and were used with dedicated hardware. Wand emulation is another kind of output that decodes the raw wave. It can also convert the unrecognized symbologies into another kind of symbology that is easily recognized by the host device. With the advent of innovative technologies, PCs has become the popular device. PCs and its standard keyboard interfaces are becoming convenient for any kind of user as they are easier to connect with physical hardware. With the commercial and general demand of reducing the complications of the associated software the ‘Keyboard Wedges’ have been introduced for connecting the 2D data matrix scanner. The ‘Keyboard Wedges’ is a hardware with characters from the barcode scanner appearing as if typed in through the keyboard and is attached between PC and its keyboard. This type of connection of the 2D data matrix scanner has simplified the use of the device. However, it has limitations in handling the content of the data matrix code. Of course, these days, the USB connectors have replaced the keyboard ports for it is a more convenient hardware option. The easy integration of the scanner is retained by using a ‘software wedge’ in place of ‘keyboard wedge’. PS/2 or USB cables are the becoming popular these days for connecting barcode scanners. The cables are connected with the 2D data matrix scanner at one end and the PS/2 keyboard port with another end. The data matrix codes are received by the host computer and converted keyboard input. Many scanner support the USB. Choices for the USB interface types are provided by many scanners. For instance, some of the devices have powered USB. These days, most of the devices are being connected with wireless networking. The modern 2D data matrix scanners are also available with such facilities. The wireless enabled scanners are operated with the help of Bluetooth and WLAN. However, such devices use battery or rechargeable battery for their function which limit their time of operation. With the changing technology the methods of connection of the 2D data matrix scanner is improving and being more user friendly.

The DoD UID labels are required to be according to the standards of MIL-STD-130 N. The mentioned criteria must be followed by the contractors to avoid rejection.

The DoD UID labels are one of the ways of marking the DoD items with unique identification so as to enhance their traceability. The Department of Defense has mandated that the labels should be MIL-STD-130 N compliant so that all markings of the items should maintain a standard. As the marking and serialization process of the items are the essential aspect of item management and tracking, the UID marking that doesn’t comply with the standards are rejected by the department. The DoD UID labels are marked with 2D Data matrix codes that are machine readable either by direct part marking or by applying permanent UID labels.

Apart from the feature that the unit acquisition cost of the items should be more than $5000, the other criteria that enables the items to have unique identification are

• The items are controlled inventory
• Serially managed
• Mission essential
• The item is customable where permanent identification is necessary.

As the basic identification marking standard of the DoD UID labels are regulated by the MIL-STD-130 N, it is mandatory for the contractors to obey the instructions provided in the standard. The standard has issued some specifications for the marking requirements and the marking methods of the UID.

Depending on the requirement of the UID marking of the item, the labels (nameplates, ID plates or Data plates) can be constructed with either metallic or non-metallic materials.

The DoD UID labels of the items are made of material either same or different that that of the material of the item. It is essential that the material of the labels shouldn’t cause any damage to the items and should get affixed to the material of the items or parts.

 

The standard has limited the number of characters of the UID marking of the labels to 50.

The criteria for machine-readable and human readable information of the UID data on the DoD UID label are declared by the MIL-STD-130 N.

The validation and verification of data are mandatory for each submitted data.

The warranty of contract between the government and the contractors states about the nature, utility and condition of the objects.

The drawbacks of the MIL-STD-130 have been rectifying for the convenience of the contractors and better management of the UID items. The latest version of the MIL-STD-130 N, which was released on December 17 2007, has mentioned the criteria for DoD UID labels, validation and verification. According to the standard, different lighting methods should be used for the different part marking. The contractors are required to follow the instructions provided for marking of UID and manufacturing UID labels.

The DoD UID labels are verified according to the cell modulation, cell size, cell contrast, print growth, reference decode, fixed pattern damage, unused error correction, axial non-uniformity, minimum reflectance, and grid non-uniformity. When the outsourcing of UID is considered, the DoD should ensure that the service should follow all the steps mandated by the standard. Even, the DoD UID label generating software must comply with the standards of MIL-STD-130 N.

UID nameplates should meet the standard of the MIL-STD-130. There are various criteria mentioned in the standard for the marking of the nameplates.

Generally, UID nameplates and the labels are used with the items where the direct part marking is not suitable. Unique item identifier is mandatory for the DoD items for it has become a part of their item management process. However, there are certain criteria for the marking and construction of the nameplate that must be fulfilled to get accepted by the Department of Defense. The instructions for IUID marking of the nameplates have been mentioned by in the MIL-STD-130 N and the contractors are required to follow the instructions while manufacturing the nameplates.

The Materials

There is no specification mentioned for the materials of the UID nameplates. The contractors can provide metallic or non metallic nameplates. The DoD has allowed the use of any strong material for the construction of the nameplates. The nameplates can be of same material as the item or may be different. But, it is essential that the material of the UID nameplate shouldn’t affect the functionality of the item.

Durability

Durability is one of the significant aspects of UID nameplates. The MIL-STD-130 has made it mandatory that the UID marking of the item should be permanent for the functional lifetime of the item. The nameplates affixed to the parts or the items should remain with it for ever. That is the reason the nameplates are attached to the items with the help of screws, or quality adhesive. Once the items are tagged, they are known with their UID for the rest of their life.

Strength

The contractors are required to design the UID nameplates so that the nameplates can withstand the any environmental condition, heat and chemicals. The items are used for different function in different environmental conditions and at different temperature. Sometimes, different chemicals are used for the cleaning process of the items. The UID labels affixed to that particular item should be able to resist these things.

Compliance with MIL-STD-130

For the Department of Defense, the criteria for the UID marking and UID nameplates have been mentioned in the MIL-STD-130 N. according to the standard, the material, marking and the affixing process of the UID nameplates should not affect the item or its functionality. Even, the marking of the UID nameplates should meet the MIL-STD 130 standard. As the UID data are submitted to the UID Registry by the contractors after verification, any deviation from the standard will result in rejection.

UID Data

UID data are the important part of item identification. The data on the UID nameplates should be clear and unambiguous. There are two construct options for marking the UID data. The data on the nameplates are entered in the form of 2D datamatrix codes. The machine readable codes are decoded with the help of barcode readers. There is limitation to the size of the nameplates as well as the data.

UID nameplates are crucial for marking the items with IUID for the use of Department of Defense. However, it is important for the contractors to construct the nameplates that match the MIL-STD-130 standard.

IUID marking plays a critical role in asset management for the Department of Defense. Hence, choosing the right kind of printer for the marking is critical for the contractors and vendors.

IUID marking is the fundamental of IUID asset management process. The contractor or vendors, who use the printers for IUID labels, must pay attention that the IUID markings should meet the DoD requirements. In such a scenario selecting the right kind of printer makes a lot of difference to the IUID marking operation. Although many types of printers are available for the operation, the printer that is feasible for the purpose should have some criteria for quality marking.

Printing Methods

Basically, the thermal printing is done with direct-thermal and thermal-transfer models. The thermal-transfer is a better option for IUID marking as it creates better-quality and long-lasting images on the IUID labels. In the industrial environment and multiple industries the method is being used for its durability.

Compatibility

While selecting the printer for IUID marking, the vendor should ensure that the printer can contain the media sizes required for the labels. It is also important for the vendors that they can supply the UID labels with marking that can resist heat, chemical and abrasion in the correct sizes.

The importance of compatible media can be observed in the long run. With the use of non-optimized media the IUID markings there are risk of the markings getting fade over time or become illegible. The protective coating and label adhesive may not work the incompatible media may also lead to failure of IUID marking.

Performance

The Data Matrix symbols of IUID marking require diverse printing operations. Hence, the printer that can produce variable Data Matrix symbol can be more useful. It is important that the vendors should check if the printer is able to meet the UID label output requirements, especially when they use automatic label operators and it requires high volume of printing.

The printer performance also includes print resolution and symbol sizes. Printers with high resolutions are better options for the IUID marking purpose. It is the responsibility of the vendors to ensure that the selected printer can satisfy the specific needs of the organization.

Convenience of Use

The labor and time required for the printing operation is determined by the printer design and operation capabilities. For many DoD contractors, IUID marking is a crucial part of their work assignment. Hence, the printer plays a key role for them and they should judge the reliability and productivity of the printer by analyzing the ease of changing ribbons, loading labels and clearing simple errors. The printer that can minimize the maintenance and management tasks of the system administrators is the best option for IUID marking.

Host Compatibility

For the UID operation of the IUID marking it is important to have host compatibility of the printers. The data for the UID labels are shared for different management purpose with the WAWF application. With the Remote management system the administrator can take advantage of networkable printers for upgrades and troubleshooting.

The printer for IUID marking should have media support, connectivity, and ease of use. Basically, the vendors should choose the printer that can support the IT infrastructure and other operational needs of the organization.

The vendor information required for submission of data to the UID Registry is defined in the guidelines provided by the Department of Defense. It also provides details of submission of data to the UID registry.

According to the IUID standards and guidelines, the vendors are required to upload certain data into the UID Registry to support the submittal of IUID data. While submitting the items, the data must be included with the shipment notification. The information required to submit data are discussed below.

Necessary Vendor Information

At the time of shipment of the material to the procuring General Dynamic Business Unit, the vendor has to provide the following necessary data for each item or unit that require IUID marking.

1. Vendor Name
2. Gov’t. Contract Number
3. Gov’t. Delivery Order (D.O.) Number
4. GDLS Purchase Order (P.O.) Number
5. Shipment Number (if multiple shipments; e.g., back-ordered item)
6. Ship Date
7. Carrier and Tracking Number
8. Ship-to Address
9. Ship-to Address DoDAAC

The embedded item is marked with its parent end item IUID. As all the items of the Government are not controlled on the basis of batch or lot, the batch number or lot number is not a part of concatenated IUID marking. In case there is a need for the lot number, the GDLS informs the vendors about the requirement with purchase order.

When there is a need for a change in the IUID of the registered item, the additional data included in the IUID marking are original part number, current part number and the current part number effective date.

Vendor Information Required for the Submittal Format

There is a specific format in which the vendor should submit the data to the General Dynamic Business Unit. The required information for the submission is arranged in a tabular format for which Microsoft Excel file is generally preferred. An alternative to the excel sheet format is comma-separate-variable file. Each field is identified with maximum alfa-numeric characters. For the items that require IUID marking, a separate row is used.

Information Provided by GDLS for IUID Marking

The vendors are provided with certain information by the GDLS with the purchase order. The info are

1. Purchase Order Number
2. Gov’t. Contract Number
3. Gov’t. Delivery Order (D.O.) Number
4. Ship-to Address
5. Ship-to Address DoDAAC
6. The items in the GDLS purchased order that require IUID marking should be so identified.

Quality Verification of IUID Marking

An essential part of data submission is the quality verification of the IUID marking as it is required by the IUID standards. The verifications are performed either on a sample basis or on each label. The Government verifies the data in accordance with the Quality Verification records of the IUID. At the time of material shipment, the vendors are required to maintain a said record or provide IUID label Quality Verification reports.

The registration data is the most important part of UID registry submission process. IUID marking of items are crucial for item identification and management of the items. The U.S. Department of Defense has defined the guidelines for the vendors about IUID marking and submittal of required data to the UID Registry. The vendors are required to follow the IUID marking guidelines so that the marking should comply with the IUID standards.

The IUID marking for the items involve strategic marking methods and verification procedures before the data are submitted to UID Registry.

According to the Department of Defense, it is mandatory for all the tangible items of the department to have unique identification or IUID. It is the strategic process implemented by the DoD to keep track of the items across the organization. As the IUID is a globally unique identification, proper care and attention is crucial for IUID marking. The MIL-STD-130 has mentioned certain criteria for the contractors and suppliers who apply IUID marking on the military and non-military items.

The MIL-STD-130 is the governing document of DOD for IUID application. The usability of the nameplates in the Department of Defense depends on the accuracy, durability and flexibility of the IUID marking. The IUID of the items are anodized, screen printed, serialized, hot stamped or thermal transferred.

Different Features of IUID Marking

Unless the items of the DoD are labeled with IUID marking, they are not eligible for submission to UID Registry. There are different aspects of IUID marking:

• Methods of IUID marking
• IUID verification

IUID Marking Method

There are two kinds of IUID marking- direct part marking and label or nameplates. The items are required to fulfill certain conditions for direct part marking. In case the environment of the items is not appropriate for direct part marking, use of nameplates or label is considered for IUID marking. Generally, polycarbonate/lexan, metalphoto, aluminum, vinyl, polyester or mylar are the materials used for the nameplates and labels. The IUID is directly marked to the items using techniques such as dot-peen, chemical etch, laser etch, and stencil printing. The IUID are marked on the items in the form of 2D data matrix code that are identified by barcode readers.

The IUID of the items are marked or the IUID labels are affixed to the items on a particular location meant for the purpose. The sizes of the nameplates are selected by the manufacturer so as that it can contain all required data mentioned in the MIL-STD-130. The commercial products require information such as part number, serial number and manufacturer’s logo. Enterprise identifier is the additional information that is marked on the parts. Apart from the machine readable 2D data matrix code, the human readable data are also provided during the IUID marking.

IUID Marking Verification

Before submitting the IUID data to the UID Registry, the IUID marking of the items are verified to ensure that they meet the standards of MIL-STD-130.

• The marking should pass Error Correction Code (ECC) 200
• The 2D data matrix should be atleast a ‘GradeB’ and should maintain the quality of at least ‘Grade C’over the service life of the marked item.
• The methodology of print quality measuring is specified in ISO/IEC 16022 and the acceptance of the DoD UID code should have a minimum print quality of B/05/660.

It is important for the IUID marking to use the metal that can withstand adverse weather conditions and chemicals. The data provided in the IUID marking should be as per the requirements of the MIL-STD-130 standards. It is imperative for the contractors and suppliers to follow the guidelines of IUID marking while submitting the data to IUID Registry.

The DoD has mentioned the specification and criteria for the DoD UID labels. The contractors and vendors are required to follow these instructions while manufacturing the DoD UID labels.

DoD UID labels are required for IUID marking of items where the direct part marking is not applicable. As the DoD has made it a mandate for the items to have globally unique identification, UID labels has added to the functionality of the system. The UID labels are generally provided by the contractors, which they either manufacture or procure from the vendors. There are several criteria defined for the DoD UID labels to meet the standards of MIL-STD-130.

There are certain specifications mentioned in the MIL-STD-130 for the DoD UID labels and the information is provided for the contractors to meet the standard.

Specifications required for the UID Label Materials to Meet

It is mandatory that the performance of the material of DoD UID labels should meet the MIL-STD-130 requirements. The MIL-STD-130L has mentioned the criteria of marking the DoD UID labels. Basically, it has been specified that the marking should be permanent for the functional life time of the items. The DoD UID labels shouldn’t affect the performance of the items and should be able to resist normal use, cleaning, and environmental changes. The information provided by the contractors to assure that the labels and markings can survive for the functional lifetime of the items includes historical data, manufacturer’s guarantee, commercial standards met, etc.

Quality Checking of UID Labels in Accordance with MIL-STD-130L

As the contractors procure the UID labels or nameplates from the vendors, it is the responsibility of the contractor to secure a Certificate of Conformance from their vendors as an assurance that the labels have been manufactured according to the requirements of MIL-STD-130L. It is the responsibility of the contractors to investigate about the manufacturing procedure of the vendors and ensure that the DoD UID labels meet the specific requirements. The CoC states the Grade of the mark at the time of manufacture. The application process of the contractors is reviewed to confirm that labels are not damaged and the markings are not altered. The MIL-STD-130L has mentioned a re-verification process if any type of alter in marking is discovered.

Criteria Mentioned by the MIL-STD-130n for DoD UID Labels

• Depending on the requirements, the labels (name plates, data plates or ID plates) can be made up of metallic or non-metallic materials.
• It is mentioned by the standard that the labels can be of same or different material than the material of the item that requires this DoD UID label. However, if the materials are different, care should be taken that the materials don’t harm each other and the material of the labels should get affixed to the part or item.
• The length of the UID labels shouldn’t be more than 50 characters.
• According to the MIL-STD-130N standard the DoD UID label should contain both machine-readable information and free text marking for item identification.
• The verification of the IUID marking is done as per the MIL-STD-130N standard.

The contract between the government and suppliers states about the nature, utility and condition of the objects regarding the number of operation, for days, months and years.

The IUID marking has numerous functional benefits for the DoD. However, the marking system has various aspects that are essential to be taken care of while marking the items.

According to the Department of Defense, the items that require DoD recognized IUID marking may include government furnished property in the possession of the contractors, items procured under ongoing contracts and new solicitations, and items in inventory, operational use, or undergoing depot maintenance. As the IUID marking program is a strategic program of marking the items with a globally unique identification number, it has become an essential aspect of asset management for the Department of Defense. Looking at the functionality of the IUID marking, the DoD has made it obligatory for all the items that department owns or buys.

Advantages of IUID marking

• The IUID marking program ensures the enhanced traceability and visibility of the uniquely identified items across the Department of Defense.
• IUID marking is considered as an aid to DoD’s financial management statement as the data provided in the UID are used for operating materials and equipment management, and audit of the property.
• As data available for the similar items are better handled with their unique identification,IUID marking is a strategic approach to purchasing the items.
• As the IUID marking of the items are for the functional life-time of the item, the DoD can achieve a long-term and improved management with the available data.
• IUID marking is also a great help to the mission oriented activities that require improved execution and planning.
• As the IUID marking program has enhanced the efficiency of the items, the DoD has been able to reduce its frustration and improve the availability of the items.
• The consistent use of lifecycle asset information has literally reduced the cost of personal property management.

The Basic Formats of IUID Marking

The IUID marking requirements for the DoD recognized items include product serial number, product part number and manufacturer’s enterprise identifier. The data required for the marking is entered as machine readable 2D data matrix code and decoded with the help of data matrix scanner.

There are two basic format of IUID marking –

Construction #1- serialization within enterprise identifier

Construction #2- serialization within the original part number, batch number or the lot number

Basically, the constructs are two types of templates meant to mark the DoD UID to the items.

Basic Requirements of IUID Marking

According the DoD mandate the IUID marking of the items should comply with the standard set by the MIL-STD-130. The IUID marking can be applied to the items using to alternative methods- Direct Part Marking and Nameplates or Labels. If the environment of the parts doesn’t allow for the direct part marking, use of nameplates or labels becomes the ultimate choice. Whatever may be the method of IUID marking, it is essential that the marking should be permanent for the functional lifecycle of the item. There are certain other aspects that are considered while IUID marking.

• The IUID marking should be able to resist environmental conditions and chemicals.
• The color of the text and its background should be contrasting
• The IUID marking should be permanent.

The data entered for the IUID marking should be accurate.

There are different IUID marking methodology for the DoD items and the methods varies depending on the type of item.

The Department of Defense has defined vendors’ instructions and requirements for IUID marking and submission of IUID data to the UID Registry. IUID marking includes an encoded data string applied to the item as 2D Data Matrix Symbol. MIL-STD-130 is the governing document with the instructions for the application of 2D Data Matrix and regarded as DoD Standard Practice for IUID marking of US Military property.

IUID Marking Options

As the IUID marking is affixed to or etched on an item to identify it throughout its functional life time, it is essential to give prime consideration to the marking methodologies. The MIL-STD-130 has allowed two types of IUID marking methods for the DoD items- indirect part marking and direct part marking.

Indirect Part Marking:

With indirect part marking, a tag, label or nameplate is attached to the item that contains the IUID data as 2D Data Matrix symbol. There are also two options for indirect part marking:

Label Printing:

It is the best option for the DoD contractors to satisfy their marketing needs for the DoD items where a permanent adhesive label can be affixed. The method uses two technologies – thermal transfer on demand printers and direct thermal- for critical barcode labeling applications such as aerospace, manufacturing, logistics and other industries. The thermal-transfer printers work with wide range of durable media and best for outstanding printing quality. Direct thermal printer applies heat directly to the chemically treated media. The advantage of the method is that it is a cost effective method for in-house IUID marking option and simplifies the work of the operators to load media. However, the down side is that the thermal transfer-printers are inadequate with their capabilities of label media.

Data Plates:

The data plates for IUID marking are either created in-house or ordered from the suppliers. In case the data plates are supplied by the DoD contractors, the suppliers have to ensure that the plates contain correct IUID data and are affixed to the correct items. Generally, data plates are made up of metals that allow them to resist adverse environmental conditions and chemicals. The advantage of data plates over adhesive label is that they can be attached to the items screws, rivets and other fasteners where the adhesive doesn’t work.  The disadvantage of data plates is they require expensive equipments for manufacturing. Again, it requires expense to marking process, fasteners and skilled labours for affixing the plates.

Direct Part Marking:

Direct part marking is the process of directly etching the IUID data to the items that require IUID marking. Ink jet printing, chemical etching, dot peening, laser bonding, and laser etching are the main techniques of direct part marking. However, while applying this marking technology the structural tolerances and composition of the items are taken into consideration.  The process of direct part marking (DPM) is preferred for its durability and space efficiency. As the symbols are not read optically, they can perform despite of being covered by dirt or paint. But this IUID marking technology has a serious disadvantage. In case the symbol is not applied correctly, the item is wasted.

While applying the IUID marking, the contractors need to decide the marking methodology for the items.

The basic asset management system of DoD items requires unique identification of each item. With globally unique identification, the items offer an easy maintenance to the department and assist the DoD to keep track of them. The DoD UID labels are the identification marking affixed or etched to items and are marked with DoD data elements. The data to a DoD UID label is entered as high density machine readable 2D data matrix barcodes. The UID data are either etched to the items through direct part marking or permanently affixed to the items as labels.

The Item Unique Identification Program is designed by DoD so as to get implemented across the multinational organizational boundaries. The structure is also inter-operable among the various departments of the organization. Although the DoD UID labels are basically designed to globally and uniquely identify the items across the Department of Defense, the structure of marking and labeling has significantly enhanced the accountability and valuation of the assets.

The department of Defense made the DoD UID label mandatory for the items of the organization after 1^st January 2004. The policies of the structure have been constantly changing for improved management inside the organization. The recent policy has made it mandatory that all the government furnished property- tangible personal property or property in the possession of the contractors- should have proper UID marking and registration. DoD also plans to mark all the embedded assets and items with DoD UID Labels within 31 December, 2010.

The criteria that make the items eligible for DoD UID labels are as follows

• The acquisition cost of the item should be more that $5000
• The item should be consumable, serially managed, controlled inventory or the any other item that requires a permanent identification mark.
• The item ought to be an element required by the program manager to have unique identification

As it is mentioned that the DoD UID labels contain machine readable 2D data matrix barcode symbols, there are certain specified elements that combine to construct the total DoD UID. The elements are a unique part number, unique serial number that is assigned to that item, and the identification of the manufacturer or the enterprise. The data is encoded with a specific language and format. The IUID data is decoded with Automatic Identification Technology. There are two construction methods of UID marking-

Construction #1- serialization within enterprise identifier

Construction #2- serialization within the original part number, batch number or the lot number.

The marking procedure of the DoD UID labels should ensure that the markings are permanent for the functional life time of the items. The DoD UID of an item is either affixed to it with as a label or engraved to the item as direct part marking. The labels and nameplates are used where direct part marking is not possible. Whether it is the nameplate or mark, they should be able to withstand adverse environmental conditions and chemical cleaning procedures.

As the DoD UID labels are crucial for submission of UID data to UID registry proper care should be taken to ensure the quality and accuracy of the data.

There are two basic constructs to build DoD UID. The barcodes also need special technology for their identification.

The DoD UID unique identification system that distinguishes the items possessed by the Department of Defense allowing the department to keep track of the items in an easier way. The DoD UID of an item is marked as a High Density 2D data matrix barcode. The symbol is etched on a square grid. It is a globally unique item identifier that is affixed to the item of etched on the parts so as to make it permanent for the functional lifetime of the item.

For a commercial identifier, there are certain criteria required to consider it as a DoD UID equivalent.

• It should contain an enterprise identifier
• It should uniquely identify an individual item within an enterprise identifier, product, or part number
• It should have an existing DI or AI listed in American National Standard, Data Identifier and Application Identifier Standard

The DoD UID Building Technology

There are two basic methods to construct DoD UID for an item-

Construct #1, with serialization within the enterprise identifier,

Construct #2, with serialization within the original part number, lot number or batch number

It is the manufacturing process that decides the construction method to be used. In Construct #1 the DoD UID is developed by adding a unique serial number to the item after the enterprise identification. It can be a CAGE/NCAGE, DUNS, or EAN.UCC number. As long as a suitable data qualifier is used before the enterprise identification, the concatenated UID will have a correct Issuing Identity Code (IAC). It doesn’t require marking the data matrix with the IAC.

Although the Construct #2 also developed with the enterprise identification, it requires other data along with it for a complete DoD UID. The data elements are original part number, batch number or, lot number, and the serial number.The existing part no is not a part of any of the DoD UID construct; it is the additional data element for the item.

The Technique of Decoding the DoD UID marks

The DoD UID is not formally imprinted as data matrix as it is derived from its component data elements each time the data matrix is accessed. The data elements that form the DoD UID are included within the data matrix and are identified with the help of a barcode reader or an automated reader. While scanning the marks, the data elements must be introduced to the automated reader with the prefixes that have been used to represent instructions. The ‘prefixes’ are data qualifiers that can be used in any of the following threes forms in commercial use.

• Alphanumeric Data Identifiers
• (DI), numeric Application Identifiers (AI), oralpha
• Text Element Identifiers (TEI)

The 2D data matrix codes are the human unreadable codes and hence, the symbols must be written and read using Automated Identification Technology (AIT).The latest technology of 2D data matrix code for DoD UID marking has created a new revolution in the DoD management system. It has also enhanced the efficiency of barcode.

The MIL-STD-130 has set a standard for the IUID marking system along with the requirements, marking procedure and minimum print quality of IUID.

As per the Department of Defense mandate, the IUID of the items acquired by the department should comply with the MIL-STD-130. MIL-STD-130N requires that all IUID qualifying items should be marked with machine readable 2D Data Matrix code and the codes are identified with the help of sophisticated barcode readers.

The Requirements for the IUID Markings

The MIL-STD-130 standard requires that the IUID marks of an item can be marked with the help of identification plate, band, tag, or label. However, it is essential for the contractors to ensure that the materials of the marking should not affect the performance of the items. Again, care should be taken to place the IUID marking in such a way that it doesn’t interfere the normal use of the items.

The DoD requires that all marking should be permanent for the functional life time of the items. The IUID marking should withstand adverse environmental conditions and chemicals, and resist the cleaning procedures of the items.

The Marking Procedure of the IUID

According to the MIL-STD-130N, the DoD items that qualify the IUID criteria should be marked with machine readable codes. The length of the IUID code should be limited to 50 characters to comply with ISO/IEC 15459-4. All letters must be capitals, where as the fonts can be any one from Futura, Arial, Trebuchet MS, Gothic, or any other sans-serif fonts. However, it should be noted that the numerals should be in Arabics. Otherwise, if designated by Government standard or applicable industry Roman numerals can be used.

According to ISO/IEC 16022 the IUID should be marked with Data Matrix ECC200 symbol. The data elements required for the IUID marking are encoded into the Data Matrix Symbol with the syntax of ISO/IEC 15434. The formats for the marking are-

• Format 05 for Application Identifiers (AI)
• Format 06 for Data Identifiers (DI)
• Format 12 for Text Element Identifiers (TEI)

The size of the modules should be minimum 0.0075 inch and maximum 0.025 inch. In case it is a square symbol, the size should not exceed one inch.

Linear bar codes can be of Code 39 Symbols, Code 128 Symbols, GS1-128. The range of the ratio of wide elements to narrow elements can be anything from 2.1:1 to 3.1:1.

Minimum Print Quality of IUID Symbols

The MIL-STD-130N has determined a minimum print quality for linear bar code and Data Matrix Symbols.

For the Linear Bar Code IUID, the minimum grade is 3.0 and it is measured with an aperture of 0.005 inch size with a 660nm light source wavelength.

The minimum quality of Data Matrix Symbol is measured with 0.005 inch aperture and 650 nm ± 20 nm light source wavelength.

It is essential for the DoD contractors to understand the IUID and MIL-STD-130N to build perfect IUID for the items. It also requires quality equipments and advanced manufacturing technology for manufacture of the IUID labels. As the IUIDs are designed to reduce the complexities of DoD management, care should be taken that they should be developed in accordance with the MIL-STD-130N standards.

 

DoD UID labels are a system developed by the Department of Defense to keep track of the assets. However, there are various aspects of the marking procedure.
What Are DoD UID Labels?

Unique Identification or UID is an asset management system initiated by the Department of Defense (DoD) that requires the assets have globally unique identification mark. The system allows the DoD to distinguish the objects from each other and keep track of them. Basically, the DoD UID labels are machine readable, high density 2D matrix style barcodes that are either directly marked on the parts or affixed permanently as labels.

The Background of DoD UID Labels

The Department of Defense introduced the Item Unique Identification (IUID) program in an attempt to manage plants, property, equipments, supplies and operating materials and improve their tracking system throughout the organization. The structure is designed to be implemented across the multi-national organizational boundaries and it is also inter-operable. Besides, the framework of UID labels is comparable across the business systems of DoD. Principally intended to uniquely and globally identify the items across the department of Defense, the marking and labeling program has enhanced the asset accountability and valuation.

After January 1 2004, the DoD UID labels have been mandatory for the organization.  According to this recently established policy, UID markings and registration of the UII is essential for government furnished property in the possession of contractors and tangible personal property. The DoD also aims at completing UID marking of embedded assets and items within the DoD system by December 31, 2010. however, there are certain criteria for the items delivered to DoD to have UID labels

• The acquisition cost the items should exceed $5000.
• It should be a consumable item, controlled inventory, serially managed or material that requires a permanent identification mark.
• The item should be a component required by the program manager to have unique identification.

As the DoD UID labels are data matrix barcode symbols, the data of the symbols are combination of certain codes- a inique part number and/or serial number that is assigned to that item and the identification of the manufacturer or the enterprise. The data is processed to be encoded with a specific language and format and decoded with Automatic Identification Technology. Basically there are two methods of UID label construction for an item-

Construction #1- serialization within enterprise identifier

Construction #2- serialization within the original part number, batch number or the lot number

Marking Procedure of DoD UID Labels

The identification plate with UID labels is affixed to the item securely or the UID label is directly applied to the surface of the item. The marks should be permanent according to the normal life expectancy of the item. The nameplate and the marks are designed to resist difficult environmental tests as well as the specified cleaning procedure for the item to which the plate or label is attached.

Quality Checking for DoD UID Labels

Quality checking for the validity of the data content and verification of print quality is important for the UID labels. The data validation is checked by scanning the marks with an automated barcode scanner.

DoD UID labels are crucial for the submission of data to UID registry. However, the contractors require keeping in mind the marking procedure and quality checking for submission of data.

The IUID marking procedure is the strategic item management system for the Department of Defense for its various functional aspects.
The IUID program of U.S. Department of Defense provides the suggested methods of implementing the marking requirements for the DoD recognized items. The scope of the program includes items in inventory, operational use, or undergoing depot maintenance, items procured under ongoing contracts and new solicitations, Government-furnished property in the possession of contractors.

The IUID is a strategic essential for the Department of Defense that permanently identifies an individual item of the department for better management. It is also an identification that distinguishes an item from all other items that the Department owns or buys. IUID is machine readable, globally unique data element used for marking personal property items.

The DoD enterprise has been benefited in several ways with the IUID procedures

• Providing IUID is the best commercial practice that is used for asset visibility and traceability methods.
• IUID of the items are used for the advanced audit options for the property, plant, operating materials and equipment management. It is also an aid to DoD’s financial management statements.
• IUID provides an extensive approach to strategic purchasing as the data available for the similar personal property items are more accurate with the unique identification.
• The DoD can achieve an improved and long-term inventory management as the IUID provides better visibility of enterprise assets.
• The mission-oriented activities can have improved planning and execution through total asset visibility.
• The DoD has achieved improved item availability and reduced frustration with IUID of the items that has enhanced the efficiency of item management, improved data availability and asset visibility.
• IUID has lowered the cost of personal property management that has been possible due to consistent use of lifecycle asset information. 
• It also allows total asset visibility for personal property in both peace and wartime.

Marking Requirements of IUID

The required markings of IUID include the products part numbers, manufacturer’s enterprise identifier, and products serial number. The information is provided as embedded data matrix code that is identified by special data matrix scanners. Apart from the data matrix code, the alpha-numeric human-readable information is also embedded with the IUID. Basically, the IUID marking follow two formatting categories- construct#1 and construct#2. These constructs are the two basic templates that are used for etching information of the IUID.

The MIL-STD-130 is the standard to determine the acceptable IUID marking method. There are basically two methods of applying the IUID to an item- direct part marking and use of nameplates or labels. Nameplates are used in case the environment and location of the part is not feasible for marking. However, the IUID should be permanent to a part and should take certain key elements into consideration.

• The color of the text should contrast the color of the background to facilitate machine readability
• The IUID marking should be permanent for the products’ functional lifetime.
• The marking should withstand adverse environmental conditions and chemical.

As the IUID of the items provide accurate and accessible information about the items, they are used to track and value the acquisition, repair and deployment of the DoD items.

The IUID marking of the items in the Department of Defense needs some specific requirements for improved marking systems of the items.

Normally, an IUID marking is required for the items at the US Department of Defense for their easy classification and serialization. The IUID marking include an encoded data string etched with 2 dimensional data matrix symbols.

The machine readable information (2D Data Matrix) of the IUID marking is required to match the standard of MIL-STD-130. The contractors or the suppliers need to specify some of the essential data in the proposal for IUID marking of parts. The data includes construct, marking methodology, syntax, and quality methodology that are selected for IUID marking of the parts.

IUID Marking requirements

According to the IUID part marking requirements

• The nameplates and the labels for IUID marking of the parts are preferred over the direct part marking. Direct part marking is preferred only when the environment and size of the parts are not suitable for labels.
• The nameplates and labels should be designed with a metallic or white background with black letters or high contrast black background with metallic or white letters.

There are some other IUID Marking Requirements for the Contractors

The instructions defined for the vendors and contractors mentions that the IUID of the parts are essential for their submission to UID Registry. The instruction provides information about the application of a 2D data matrix symbol, encoded data and the submission of required data to UID Registry. The main purpose of the Vendor Instruction is to educate the contractors and subcontractors about the generic IUID marking requirements for delivery of materials to the DoD customers.

• The IUID of each part should be unique and clear. The selected contractors use a third party to provide IUID marking and it should be mentioned in the contract. The parts registered with duplicate IUID marking shall be rejected by the authority.
• The contractors need to identify the place of IUID marking for each affected part number. If the IUID is placed on the nameplate that contains the current part number, the nameplates should be able to contain the original IUID. The contractors are also required to place the IUID marking outside the existing nameplate, on a permanent nameplate. The principal aim is to make the IUID viewable.
• The applied IUID marking are required to be permanent under normal service conditions for the life of the part.

The contractors should also ensure that the DoD recognized IUID marking on the part use one of the following data qualifiers:

• Data identifiers
• Application Identifiers
• Text Element Identifiers

All the delivered items whose unit acquisition cost is more that $5000 requires DoD recognized IUID marking. The DoD policy has determined that the contractors should identify the sub line, contract line or exhibit line item number along with the item description for each item that costs below $5000 or that requires unique identification.

With all these policies and instruction for the contractors about the IUID marking, the DoD intends to achieve lower cost of item management. The DoD also plans to provide reliable asset visibility and accountability of the property. However, the IUID marking system has improved the operational readiness of the items and reduced the burden of the workforce.

2D Barcode scanners solve the basic purpose of reading the highly sophisticated 2D barcodes. Information about the scanner can speak volume about the device.

Before discussing about the 2D barcode scanner, it is imperative to know about 2D barcode. Basically, 2D barcodes are upgrade of 1 dimensional barcodes and they contain more data than the conventional barcodes. In contrast to the conventional linear barcodes that gets wider with more data, 2D barcodes uses vertical dimensions to get more data encoded to it. The sophisticated markings of 2D barcode need a high-end device to decode them. In fact, laser scanners and auto scanners have replaced the traditional scanners and the 2D barcode scanners are getting more popular with their functionality.

About 2D Barcode Scanners

2D barcode scanners are advanced barcode scanning devices that can interpret the complex two-dimensional barcodes. They use both imaging and CCD technologies to decode the data matrix coding. The scanner can be integrated with a PC via USB port and can be configured with software to direct the data to a file.

Technologies Used in 2D Barcode Scanners

The 2D barcode scanners use CCD as well as imaging technologies to interpret the 2D barcodes.

CCD Technology

The barcode readers based on CCD technologies use an array of numerous tiny lights in a row in the head of the scanner. The individual light sensors are extremely small and can be considered as single photo diode that can immediately measure the intensity of light in front of it. A voltage pattern is generated in the reader that is similar to the pattern in a barcode and it sequentially measures the voltage across each sensor in a row.

Imaging Technology

The fourth generation and the newest kind of 2D barcode readers are developed with the imaging technology that uses a small video camera to take images of the 2D barcodes. A sophisticated digital image processing technology in the scanner decodes the barcode. The camera of the device has numerous rows of sensors organized in a two-dimensional array to generate an image.

Networking of 2D Barcode Scanners

The 2D barcode scanners USB cables for networking. These days, the connectivity of electronic devices is being enhanced with the help of wireless networking. The modern age scanners also allow wireless networks that are supported by rechargeable batteries. The scanners connected to a Mobil computer can be operated in a local area network or wide area network.

2D barcode scanners provide an increased and sophisticated barcode reading output for virtually any kind of barcode reading applications. The high resolution capacity of the scanners simplifies the decoding of difficult data- poorly printed or damaged barcodes. These days, with the development of technology, high-end 2D barcode scanners are available that support the mobile computers. However, the mobile computers need to have built-in 2D data matrix technology.

The features of the 2D barcode scanners include linear illumination, omnidirectional scanning, illumination forward design and multiple codes select.

Since the 2D barcodes are introduced to compact more data per unit area, and use barcode symbologies to achieve high data density, only a high-end 2D barcode scanner can solve the purpose.

UID Registry acts as the central repository for all government furnished items. UID labels are a part of DoD’s serialization tracking programs (SNTs).

UID labeling or marking is a must for all government furnished items before they are submitted to the UID registry. The Department of Defense (DoD) implemented this UID registry from November 2004 and it plans to complete the unique identification naming process for all the tangible items by December 31, 2010. Through the unique identification label can be identified uniquely and hence it will be easier for the (DoD) to keep track of all items starting from acquisition, repair to maintenance. The UID labels are a part of DoD’s serialization tracking programs (SNTs). UID registry is basically a software system to keep track of different tangible items in accordance to the UID standards.

UID Registry submission process

For a successful submission to the UID registry, accuracy of data is crucial. Besides the issuing agency code (IAC), construct type info such as construct #1 or construct #2 should be mentioned.  Another important info, concatenated human readable UID should also be present. The concatenated human readable UID is extracted from the 2D-matrix bar code by scanning to decoding software.

There are several methods to submit data to the UID registry. Reformatting the data in an XML transmission way is a frequently used method. There are several steps in this mode of submission process which are discussed in detail as follows.

UID Registry schema Review

Currently 3.0 is the most up-to-date version of the UID Registry schema available. It is very important to check if the external file from your property management database matches with that of UID Registry requirements, before you plan to convert the file to XML format. Also, the latest version has many changes in support of GFP.

Adjustment in the Data format

Usually certain changes are required to make the data format in accordance with the UID registry. It might be a bit time consuming since you need to match the entire format with the UID Registry maintenance team.  Another important thing, depending upon your product, you need to export the data to the specific manipulation file.

Submit directly to UID Test Registry

After your data is formatted into a transferable XML document, it needs to be submitted at the test registry before making it to the UID Registry.  Once it is approved by the UID Production Registry, you can send the file to a GEX certified VAN provider who ensures the file reaches the UID Registry FTP servers.

Verify the UID Registry web site for the latest approval update

After submitting to the VAN provider, it takes a minimum of 24hrs to make it into the UID registry. Then the submission approval will be available in the UID registry website.

Now the DoD has come up with Wide Area Workflow (WAWF) software solution for UID submission process. This online and paperless method is beneficial for new age contractors. They can do data submission just by clicking the UID tab and entering the appropriate information. One major benefit of this submission process is that contractors can receive their approval receipt and payment invoices in less number of days.

The United States Department of Defense has laid down that UID marking has to be done on any available asset. UID marking is a unique way to mark tangible items so that a duplicate of the same item cannot be available anywhere in the world. It makes sure that only one number is attached to one item. This number is the identification of this item, which will help to trace this item, irrespective of where it rests in this world.

The technology behind UID marking is 2D Data Matrix ECC 200 symbol. This type of marking takes care of data integrity and data quality during the entire lifetime of the item. UID marking also supports multi-faceted business applications. This marking standard supports the DoD in its drive to meet enhanced goals and objectives. It enhances total asset visibility, improves lifecycle item management and accountability and provides clean financial audits.

Quality of UID marking

But it is not enough to just go for UID marking. We should make sure that the 2D Data Matrix bar code adheres to a high level of quality. It has to conform to UID standard when it is used with either direct part UID marking techniques or labels. It should also meet the standards set by ISO and SAE.

The surface does not obstruct the UID markings. These markings as well as 2D matrix bar code symbols can be made on many types of surfaces. The UID marking symbols generally can be found among UCC.EAN, ANSI MH 10.8.2 or ATA style descriptors. The Department of Defense (DoD) has become choosy about the type of items it accepts. It strictly puts down that the selected vendors should supply parts with UID Data Matrix symbols conforming to MIL-STD 130M standard.

It is certain that when each part is engraved with an UID using Data Matrix Laser etching system, they have the name of the manufacturer, serial number and part number inscribed on them. This unique identification sets each item apart and will later help to identify it, no matter who uses it or which part of the world it goes to.

Method behind UID marking

When so much care is taken to inscribe each item with an UID, we must pay importance to the fact that the material with which it is marked lasts the entire lifetime of the item. It should not come off under any circumstances. The UID bar code should remain on the item in a readable form. This is why it is imperative that the UID marking methodology is above criticism.

Many types of materials are used in different methods used in UID marking. A metal tag with a permanent adhesive is preferably used. We can also make use of durable polyester labels. Both of them are suitable for use in many different environments. Some other marking items are laser etch, dot peen, chemical etch and ink jet. All of them suit the purpose of direct part Unique Identification. UID marking can be used to make life easier for most people in the world.

About the Data Matrix Scanner

Data matrix scanner provides a wide range of barcode reading applications for the users. The device consists of a lens, a light source, and a light sensor that converts optical impulses into electrical impulses. All the barcode scanners are designed with decoder circuitry that analyzes the image data of barcode that are provided by the sensor and sends the content of the barcode to the output port of the scanner. By incorporating true contact reading and high resolution imaging technology, the data matrix scanner aid to the barcode reading application including poor printing and damaged barcodes or data matrix.

Types of Data Matrix Scanners

The scanning methods of data matrix scanners are differentiated by the amount of operation manipulation needed for the purpose. And, the types of scanners are distinguished by their technologies.

Pen Type Scanner:

The pen type scanners are designed to swipe the pen over the code. The wave form generated by the dark bars and light bars are decoded by the scanner.

Laser Scanner:

The laser scanners are developed with the same technology as the pen type scanners. However, they use a laser beam as the source of light and the back and forth of the laser beam across the bar code is scanned with either a rotating prism or a reciprocating mirror.

CCD Readers:

This type of readers use array of tiny light sensors in the head of the reader. Unlike the Pen Type Scanners, CCD readers measure the emitted ambient light from the bar code.

Camera-Based Reader:

This is another type of data matrix scanner that uses a small video camera to capture the images of a bar code.

Omni-Directional Barcode Scanners:

Unlike the traditional barcode scanners, they produce a pattern of beams in changing operations that allow the device to read the barcodes at different angles.

The 2-D Barcode Scanner

The 2D barcode scanners are advanced barcode reading devices that are able to decode the smaller and high density 2D barcodes. The device also stores the data in two dimensions instead of creating a series of black and white bars. The 2D barcode scanners are developed with both imaging and CCD technology to identify the 2D barcodes. Of late, the type of scanners is the newest genre of barcode scanners available. They can provide an advanced solution to barcode reading applications. The high resolution image technology also enables reading of poorly printed and even the damaged 2D barcodes.

2Dbarcode scanners are developed with the latest technology for most demanding applications. The versatile device can automatically distinguish between barcode and all major 2D symbologies. The device also sports timestamp feature. Most of the 2D barcode canners support mobile computers.

The 2D barcode scanner has advantage over the one dimensional barcode reader as it can decode the 2D barcodes. As the 2D barcode contain more information than the traditional barcodes, they are being used more frequently these day and they have almost replaced the 1D barcodes. Hence, the 2D barcode scanners are more functional with their advanced features.

 

Anodized aluminum blank nameplate is the most durable of all metals use for UID markings nameplates. It can withstand harsh climatic condition.

The Department of Defense (DoD) has adopted ISO marking standards for government contractors who want to submit their items to the UID registry. Of the MIL-STD-130M standard, ISO/IEC 15426 section 2 handles the 2-Dimensional bar coding nomenclature. The DoD has emphasized more on labels or plates mode of marking than direct part marking. As per the DoD mandate, 80% of the UID markings will be on nameplates or labels and rest 20% will be by direct part marking. Nameplates are traditionally made out of several metals such as aluminum, stainless steel, and brass for this bar coding. But anodized aluminum blank nameplate offers superior durability. Due to its superior abrasiveness and heat and sunlight resistance quality, these aluminum nameplates are long-lasting materials that can be used for bar coding.

An aluminum nameplate is thin and flexible and that’s why it is durable. Even the metal is lightweight, it is quite strong. They can easily bend around the products. To make it excess heat, chemical and abrasion resistance, the Aluminum nameplates are anodized. As these anodized aluminum blank nameplates can withstand harsh climatic conditions including extended UV exposure with very little damage, they are ideal for industrial, commercial and aerospace industries use. After an aluminum nameplate is anodized, apart from the basic metal color, several other vibrant metallic colors including gold, copper, purple and even dark blue can be chosen for nameplates.

Made of durable anodized aluminum, the anodized aluminum blank nameplate can support up to 900°F-1200°F of temperature. Not only this, it produces a reliable clarity of reading the logo and product code info detail as the anodic layer of the aluminum protects the logo and other item info from high temperatures and chemicals abrasion. Embossing and serialized numbering on these nameplates are accomplished easily with low tooling costs. As these nameplates are required to withstand very high temperature, they are not recommended to be used with adhesives. The anodized aluminum blank nameplates should be used with mechanical fasteners or holes.

The anodized aluminum blank nameplate can be customized as per the requirement of the manufacturers. Recently a new form of anodized metal nameplate has been used. It is called photo anodized metal nameplate. These nameplates can withstand more extreme environmental conditions such as increased heat resistance of more than 1000F and more damaging UV rays. Bar codes and logos are reproduced photographically in these nameplates to provide maximum clarity with precise details. Like anodized aluminum blank nameplates, these are also sealed within the anodic layer of the aluminum which make them safe and durable for years to come. The new photo anodized nameplates are available with pressure-sensitive adhesive along with the basic mechanical fasteners.

The photo anodized metal nameplate is more productive than the anodized aluminum blank nameplate. As the former can photographically reproduce logos, black copy, and bar codes, it ensures accurate and reliable reads. It has optional intensification process to withstand increased heat and also has improvised image resistance for other environmental conditions. Specially matched adhesives are added bonus.

Due to their high temperature and harmful chemicals withstanding nature, Tesa secure Laser labels are highly recommended for UID marking and identification purpose.

What is Tesa secure?

Tesa secure is a packaging standard involving the Tesa tapes. As compared to the conventional coding, and marking methods, Tesa secure offers a cutting-edge latest technologically advanced marking method. Tesa secure fits into the unique identification (UID) marking standard. Mostly used for extensively shipment items packaging, Tesa tapes are popular for their high enduring and durability nature. They are robust, sturdy, high shear as well as age resistant. They ensure safety and durability of the items during storage and transit stage. The Department of Defense (DoD) has mandated to use Tesa Secure 6973 PV 3 laser labels for packaging.

There are different categories of Tesa tapes available which have various usages depending upon the surface of the packaging items and the nature of the transportation. Let’s have a brief overview about the categories of Tesa tapes.

• Tesa Fastening Tapes

One of the most cost-effective and reliable tapes available; Tesa Fastening Tapes are frequently used for splicing, temporary fastening, permanent bonding as well as platemounting.

• Tesa Masking Tapes

Tesa Masking Tapes have a more general purpose usage due to their high durability even in high-temperature condition. These types of tapes are mainly used in transportation, furniture manufacturing and metal finishing industries.

• Tesa Packaging Tapes

These types of tapes are mostly used for better surface protection including palletizing and sealing. Some examples of this variety of Tesa tapes are TPP Tapes, Tear Tapes, Carton Sealing Tapes, and Filament Tapes.

• Tesa Auxiliary Tapes

Due to their sheer resistance power and durability, these tapes have a wide range of usability. Polyethylene or cloth based Duct tapes, Paper bandoliering tapes, and transparent cellophane tapes are some varieties of these tapes.

The Tesa Secure laser labels can withstand extreme climatic conditions and harsh chemicals as the labels are processed on low power laser markers in both CO2 and Nd: Yag wavelengths. High standard of advanced tamper evident design of these Tesa Secure lasers prevent it from being removed in one piece once it is applied onto the surface. The adhesive quality of these labels is also of very high standard.

Embossed logos and microscripting are some of the advanced security features which have been incorporated in these Tesa Secure laser labels to stop counterfeiting or forgery of items. Due to its robustness and high durability, Tesa Secure laser labels are preferred over other varieties of nameplates. These labels are quite affordable and are easy to use. Unlike some other materials, Tesa Secure laser labels are free of any hazardous metals such as formaldehyde and asbestos. In addition, the Tesa Secure laser labels don’t contain any organic solvents or harmful acids and thus are quite safe to use. Because of these reasons, Tesa Secure laser labels are a popular choice among Government furnished item manufacturers.

Benefits of Tesa secure

The Laser-engraveable Tesa secure is temperature resistant and can withstand a temperature fluctuation from -50°C to +200°C or -58°F to +392°F. Also they are resistant to abrasion, grease, oils, and other type of chemicals. These laser labels can be applied easily onto the metal surfaces without the help of rivets or screws. easy peel and stick application makes the flexible usage of these labels Tesa Secure laser labels are even tamper evident. These laser labels can be customized to any shape and size and can also be engraved and die-cut in one easy step using Nd:YAG or CO2. Now even different colors such as black, silver and white of Tesa Secure laser labels are also available.

UID Labels refer to the US Government Program of Uniquely Identifying items. These labels are mandatory for all items who want to be UID compliant.

Unique identification labels or UID labels are part of the US Department of Defense (DoD)’s serialization tracking programs (SNTs). These UID labels are the DoD’s marking methodology to identifying items uniquely. This UID labeling methodology will facilitate the DoD to keep track of all info about defense related and embedded items starting from their acquisition, repair, till the deployment phase.

All tangible assets issued on or after January 1, 2004, need to have UID labels, UID nameplates, and UID tags on them to be UID compliant. Contractors supplying government furnished items were instructed to complete the registration for UID labeling by May 2006. The DoD has set a target of completing UID label marking on all tangible as well as embedded items by Dec 31, 2010. In the initial stage, 80% of the markings will be on UID labels or nameplates and rest 20% will be direct part marked in the initial period.

As per the Department of Defense mandate, those items whose Unit acquisition cost is $5,000 or more, are serially managed, is mission essential or is a controlled inventory, DoD mandated serially managed embedded item or designated by the Program office for permanent identification require UID labels on them.

It might be pointed out that, all UID markings/labels/data plates must meet the conditions set forth in Mil-Std-130 standard. As per the Military Standard, the UID labels used should last the life of the part and preferably through any refurbishment or rebuild process. The conditions include how the data is formatted, what the minimum marking requirements are and what the quality of the data matrix MRI code must be in the UID labels.

Components of UID labels

The DoD has clearly instructed what should be included on the UID labels. They are discussed briefly in the following.

2-Dimenasional data matrix code

Product info of the particular item has been to be represented in a 2-D data matrix code. Regulated by Mil-Std-130 cell size, the info written on this code can be read multi-directionally. This code takes up less space but holds much more data and also has built-in error correction feature. Both square and rectangular shape of 2-D data matrix code is available.

Construct 1

UID labels design have a Construct 1 format which is required when UID marking is done using only an enterprise identifier (CAGE, Duns#) and a serial number.

Construct 2

When a part number must be included in the UID labels along with the enterprise identifier and serial number, this format is required. Usually These items have three data elements unlike the one required incase of Construct 1.

Additional text

Besides the code format, textual info about the item is also required to be included as per the Mil-Std –130 standard. This textual format is not encoded into the 2-D data matrix code, but it is allowable in part or whole.

It’s easy to keep a track of the item availability through the UID labels. Apart from easy acquisition and deployment, the repair standard is also improvised through the UID labels. Plus, counterfeiting of military items can be stopped and thus operational productivity is enhanced.

The basic formats of UID label construction determined by the Department of Defense are essential to follow for the contractors.

About UID labels
The Department of Defense has devised the methodology of UID labels or Unique Identification labels as serializing and marking procedure to keep record of the defense related tangible assets. According to the authorization of DoD, all tangible personal as well as Government Furnished Property, issued on or after 1st January 2004, should be marked with UID labels. However, the DoD plans to mark all tangible as well as embedded assets with UID labels by 31st December 2010. As per the estimation of DoD only 20% of the UID markings will be part marked directly and the 80% will be on name plates or labels.

The contractors, supplying the items were also instructed to fill the UID marking registration by May 2006. The permanent UID labels are allowed by Mil-Std 130 standard. According to Mil-Std 130M Section 5.2.7.2.1, “marks that are acceptable as per the requirements for printing on label material in 5.2.7.2.2 shall be acceptable or alternately see appropriate tables in SAE AS9132 (the Aerospace Industry Marking Standard) for quality requirements.”

The UID labels and the nameplates for the marking and identification of the items should have characteristics such as   chemical resistant, chemical resistant, scratch resistant, non-removable. Moreover, they should be readable for the life of the item. The most commonly used materials for UID labels are brushed aluminum foil, polyester and polyimide. There are certain techniques such as laser etching and dot peening are done unto the UID labels to make them withstand the harsh environment condition.

The Item that Require UID Labels

As per the DoD mandate, there are certain specified items that require UID labels on them. The items

The construction basics of UID labels
While constructing the Unique Identification for the tangible items there are two basic methods that are essential to be followed.
Construct #1 carries information such as part no, serial no, item description
Construct #2 has serial no, original part number, lot number or batch number for embedded items
Both the construction process should strictly comply with MIL-STD 130 ATA 2000 standard of UID labels.

All designs and the marks of the UID labels are authorized by the U.S. Government materiel purchases. The plain texts and the 2-dimentional data matrix barcodes help the government agencies to categorize all the government furnished assets.

Factors that Determines the UID label Markings
The marking of the items with UID labels is determined by some important factors. Nature of the items, their operational environment and their maintenance procedures are the prime factors that decide the marking methodologies. Secondly, the UID marking capability also depends on requirements of the manufacturers, the methods they follow and their technical expertise of making the parts. Of course, the marking technique of 2-D Data Matrix is compatible with all marking techniques.

Benefits of UID Labels